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LIBRARY 

OK   THK 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

OIKT  OK 

.  $ 


Received 
Accession  No.  $/3  6  .$...     •    Cla*s  No- 


GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK  COMMISSION 


ANNUAL  REPORTS 


TO    THE 


SECEETAEY    OF   WAS 


. 
1893  1894  1895  1896  1897  1898  1899 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 
1900 


T7h 


SECRETARIES  OF  WAR 

Hon.  DANIEL  S.  LAMONT 
Hon.  RUSSELL  A.  ALGER 
Hon.  ELIHU  ROOT 


UNITED  STATES  GETTYSBURG  COMMISSION 

Lieut.  Col.  JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON,  Chairman. 

Appointed  May  25,  1893. 
Major  WILLIAM  M.  BOBBINS. 

Appointed  March  13,  1894. 
Major  CHARLES  A.  RICHARDSON. 

Appointed  April  25,  1895.    • 

JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  Esq. 

Appointed  May  25,  1893. 

Died  December  22,  1894. 
Brig.  Gen.  W.  H.  FORNEY. 

Appointed  May  25,  1893. 

Died  January  16,  1894. 

Bvt.  Lieut.  Col.  E.  B.  COPE,  Engineer. 

Mr.  S.  AUGUSTINE  HAMMOND,  Assistant  Engineer. 

Mr.  H.  W.  MATTERN,  Assistant  Engineer  and  Draftsman. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR, 


GETTYSBURG,  PA.,  November  16,  1803. 

SIR:  The  commission  was  appointed  May  25,  1893,  by  Secretary  of 
War  Daniel  S.  Lament,  and  consisted  of  Lieut.  Col.  John  P.  Nichol- 
son,  John  B.  Bachelder,  esq.,  and  Brig.  Gen.  W.  II.  Forney. 

The  letter  of  instruction  for  the  guidance  of  the  commission  was 
dated  May  29,  1803,  and  the  board  assembled  for  organization  May 
31,  1893.  Present,  Colonel  Nicholson  and  Mr.  Bachelder.  General 
Forney  absent,  detained  hy  sickness  at  his  home. 

Upon  organization  the  commission  found  important  lines  of  battle 
occupied  by  an  electric  railway,  the  construction  of  which  had  begun 
early  in  April,  1893.  After  inspecting  the  road  and  the  land  over 
which  it  was  constructed,  on  July  1  the  full  board  assembled  and 
selected  Col.  E.  B.  Cope  as  topographical  engineer.  He  was  appointed 
and  the  assistants  selected,  a  room  for  the  commission  rented  at  Get 
tysburg,  and  the  survey  of  the  field  was  at  once  commenced  and  has 
been  daily  continued. 

The  first  work  was  to  establish  a  meridian,  which  in  all  the  surveys 
since  the  war  had  never  been  done.  The  datum  point  of  reference 
was  the  center  of  the  square  in  the  town  of  Gettysburg,  and  a  meridian 
line  was  established  on  the  high  ground  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield 
Memorial  Association,  near  Hancock  avenue. 

The  north  point  of  this  line  is  near  the  monument  of  the  One  hun 
dred  and  twenty-sixth  New  York  Infantry,  and  the  south  point  near 
the  line  of  the  Beniier  property.  The  line  was  subsequently  extended 
south  to  the  Tenth  New  York  Infantry  Monument. 

The  location  of  the  town  of  Gettysburg,  geographically,  has  been 
determined  to  be  latitude  39°  -49'  15"  and  longitude  from  Washington 
0°  14'  0"  west;  the  altitude  above  tide  water  at  the  Center  Square, 
550  feet. 

Using  this  meridian  as  a  base  of  operations,  there  has  been  run 
many  miles  of  back-sight  transit  lines  on  various  parts  of  the  field. 

The  commissioners  completed  the  examination  of  the  Seminary 
Ridge  line  on  August  3,  from  the  Blocher  property,  on  the  Ilagers- 
town  road,  south  to  and  beyond  the  McMillan  Woods,  and  decided  to 
survey  a  preliminary  line  at  once.  The  line  begins  at  the  Blocher 
Building  and  runs  south  to  the  Emmitsburg  road  at  the  James  Felix 
property  and  traverses  the  line  that  was  taken  up  and  occupied  by  the 
Confederate  army  during  the  greater  part  of  the  second  and  third 
days'  battle  and  affords  a  view  of  the  entire  line  from  the  cemetery  to 
Round  Top.  It  has  since  been  surveyed  and  extended  to  the  Ridge 
road,  4,500  feet  south. 

Upon  this  avenue,  and  in  rear  of  it,  there  remain  many  traces  of 
the  Confederate  breastworks,  and  in  all  cases  where  stone  walls  were 


6  GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

remaining  that  were  known  to  have  been  used  for  defensive  purposes, 
they  were  included  within  the  avenue. 

At  the  north  side  of  this  avenue  is  a  piece  of  timber  containing 
about  4  acres,  where  the  Confederate  artillery  was  posted,  which  is 
included  in  the  survey;  also  the  Spangler  Woods,  in  which  are  remains 
of  breastworks,  containing  about  25  acres,  situated  near  the  middle 
of  the  avenue,  was  surveyed  and  computed.  All  the  work  was  con 
nected  with  the  meridian  by  the  Emmitsburg  road. 

On  August  14  a  Confederate  avenue  was  surveyed,  which  was  tem 
porarily  named  the  "Outside  Wheatfield  avenue,"  beginning  at  the 
Emmitsburg  road,  800  feet  southwest  of  the  crossroads  at  the  Peach 
Orchard,  running  easterly  to  the  lands  of  the  Memorial  Association, 
thence  in  a  southeasterly  direction  by  the  lands  of  the  Memorial  Asso 
ciation,  and  terminating  on  a  west  line  of  the  Crawford  tract,  near 
Devil's  Den. 

On  August  1C  and  17  the -Crawford  tract  was  surveyed  and  found 
to  contain  about  47  acres,  which  was  mapped  in  connection  with  the 
Tiptoii  property  and  lands  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

On  August  18  a  transit  line  was  run  from  the  Emmitsburg  road  on 
the  crossroad  to  II.  Spangler's  woods,  and  thence  to  the  Seminary 
Ridge  line. 

On  August  22  and  23  the  survey  was  made  on  the  line  ot  the  Memo 
rial  Association  on  Little  Round  Top,  and  also  on  the  boundary  lines 
of  the  Tipton  property,  included  between  the  said  association  prop 
erty  and  the  Crawford  tract. 

On  August  24  the  lines  of  the  Pfeffer,  Benner,  and  Codori  proper 
ties  were  surveyed.  This  survey  was  completed  September  10. 

On  September  11  survey  was  made  of  a  lot  of  ground  belonging  to 
Charles  Starner  on  the  Seminary  Ridge  avenue  line,  with  a  view  to 
purchase  the  property. 

On  the  12th  and  13th  the  properties  of  James  Felix,  at  the  end  ot 
the  avenue  on  the  Emmitsburg  road,  was  surveyed  and  also  the  lines 
on  the  properties  of  Mr.  Wolf  and  Mrs.  Plank.  These  properties 
are  connecting  on  the  avenue  line  and  reach  from  the  Wheatfield 
road  to  the  Emmitsburg  road. 

On  September  20  a  transit  line  was  made  at  the  intersection  ot  Key- 
nolds  avenue  and  Chambersburg  street  in  Gettysburg,  which  was  con 
tinued  out  the  Chambersburg  pike  to  Willoughby  Run,  and  from  near 
this  point  two  avenues  were  run  on  the  east  side  of  the  stream,  ending 
at  the  Springs  Hotel  bridge.  The  other  one,  beginning  on  the  west 
side  of  the  bridge  and  following  the  right  bank  of  Willoughby  Run, 
terminates  in  a  public  road  that  leads  in  a  northwesterly  direction  to 
the  Ilerr  Tavern  road. 

On  September  21  to  23  the  preliminary  line  for  another  avenue  was 
surveyed.     It  begins  at  a  point  on  the  Chambersburg  pike  8 
west  of  Willoughby  Run  bridge,  crossing  the  Springs  Hotel  property 
in  a  southerly  direction,  and  ends  at  the  Hagerstown  road, 
was  prolonged  several  miles  to  a  previously  located  connecting  point 
on  the  Seminary  Ridge  line. 

On  September  25  commenced  a  transit  line  upon  Reynolds  am 
Buford  avenues  to  the  line  of  timber  beyond  the  Mummasburg  road 
on  the  property  of  John  Forney.     Here  we  began  a  line  for  another 
avenue  in  an  easterly  general  direction  to  the  Carlisle  road; 
continuing  through  property  of  the  Blocher  heirs  and  across  Rock 
Creek;  then  in  a  southeasterly  general  direction  to  the  Harrisburg 
road  at  the  J.  Benner  House,  continuing  the  line  in  the  same  general 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  7 

direction  across  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  and  York  pike  to 
the  summit  of  Benners  Ridge.  From  th  is  point  there  was  run  a  straight 
line  to  Benners  Hill,  and  there  the  survey  was  temporarily  suspended. 

On  September  28  began  a  careful  survey  of  the  field  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Springs  Hotel,  the  object  of  which  was  to  map  that  territory  to 
the  minutest  detail,  showing  also  all  the  projected  Confederate  ave 
nues.  The  survey  embraces  an  area  of  about  H  square  miles.  It  has 
been  carefully  mapped,  traced,  and  blue  printed.  This  surve}7  and 
the  office  work  necessary  to  complete  the  map  occupied  the  attention 
of  the  engineer  corps  until  October  10. 

On  October  11  there  wTas  run  a  line  from  the  point  in  the  center  of 
the  square  of  the  town  by  the  Hanover  road  to  a  point  connecting 
our  line  on  Benners  Hill,  and  also  triangulated  to  the  same  point  from 
East  Cemetery  Hill. 

The  engineer  corps  is  now  at  work  on  a  detailed  survey  of  East 
Cemetery  and  Culps  Hill  and  the  ground  to  the  east  and  other  adjoin 
ing  lands. 

On  August  28  the  commissioners  addressed  a  proposition  to  the 
attorneys  representing  heirs  of  the  estate  of  General  Crawford  to 
purchase  the  land  known  as  the  Crawford  tract  for  $700.  The  prop 
osition  was  accepted  after  approval  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the 
deeds  are  now  being  executed. 

On  September  18  the  commissioners  purchased  from  Mr.  Charles 
Starner  5. 20  acres  of  land,  at  $50  per  acre.  The  purchase  was  ratified 
by  the  Secretaiy  of  War,  and  the  deed  is  now  being  executed. 

On  August  23  an  excursion  party  from  Winchester,  Va.,  many  of 
whom  (veterans  of  the  Stonewall  Brigade)  had  been  at  the  battle, 
visited  Gettj'sburg.  They  went  over  the  field  in  company  with  the 
commissioners  (Mr.  Bachelder  and  General  Forney  having  gone  to 
llagerstown,  Md.,  to  meet  them)  and  marked  a  number  of  positions 
of  the  respective  commands  of  the  Confederate  army  on  Culps  Hill 
and  elsewhere,  and  returned  to  their  homes  in  the  evening.  They 
seemed  deeply  impressed  with  the  importance  of  this  work  and  enthu 
siastic  in  their  assurance  of  cooperation  from  the  Confederate  veterans. 

A  summary  of  the  field  work  of  the  engineer  corps  under  the 
direction  of  the  commission  shows  the  following: 

Twenty-seven  miles  of  public  roads  have  been  run  and  a  preliminary 
survey  of  20  miles  of  avenues  and  proposed  avenues  was  made,  and 
24  miles  of  propert}7  lines.  As  the  work  of  constructing  the  avenues 
progresses  other  surveys  will  be  necessary.  The  work  has  been 
plotted  011  a  scale  of  1  inch  to  500  feet  and  reduced  to  one-half  that 
size.  Part  of  the  work  has  been  enlarged  to  1  inch  to  400  feet,  and 
also  1  inch  to  200  feet,  which  is  the  scale  of  the  large  Warren  map,  12 
feet  square. 

A  large  portion  of  the  work  has  been  traced  and  blue  printed. 

The  commission  has  not  thought  it  wise  to  open  avenues  until  such 
times  as  land  can  be  purchased  at  reasonable  prices.  This,  it  is 
believed,  may  be  accomplished  by  watching  the  opportunity  to  buy 
odd  lots  which  will  be  needed  in  open  market  at  popular  rates,  by 
which  plan  the  commission  will  not  only  secure  lands  desired,  but  a 
precedent  will  be  established  for  the  use  of  the  court  should  the 
necessity  for  condemnation  proceedings  arise. 

By  the  opening  of  spring  the  commission  will  be  in  condition  to 
commence  the  construction  of  avenues  and  the  locating  on  them  of 
tablets  marking  the  positions  of  troops. 

Various  communications,   copies  of    which   were   promptly  trans- 


8  GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

mitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  passed  between  the  commissioners 
and  the  president  of  the  electric  railway,  Mr.  Hoffer.  The  position 
assumed  by  the  commission,  under  the  guidance  of  the  Secretary 
of  War,  resulted  in  a  suspension  of  the  work  upon  the  electric  road 
at  the  parts  the  occupation  of  which  had  been  objected  to  by  the 
representatives  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  While  all  has  not  been 
accomplished  that  the  commissioners  desired  in  this  connection,  they 
feel  justified  in  expressing  the  opinion  that  the  road  will  eventually 
be  removed  from  historic  localities,  at  a  small  expense  to  the  Govern 
ment. 

The  hearty  sympathy  and  cooperation  of  the  Secretary  of  \\  ar  in  the 
efforts  of  the  commission  to  remove  the  electric  road  from  the  occu 
pation  of  the  prominent  parts  of  the  battlefield  has  been  a  source  of 
great  satisfaction,  and  the  board  can  not  refrain  from  the  mention  of 
this  fact. 

The  work  of  the  commission  has  been  hampered  by  the  expecta 
tions  of  numerous  people  representing  various  interests,  in  their 
demands  for  high  prices  for  land.  Thus  far  their  efforts  have  been 
unsuccessful,  as  shown  by  this  report. 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

For  the  purpose  of  purchasing  lands  for  avenues  and  marking  the 
posit  ions  of  troops  embraced  by  the  recent  surveys,  for  the  construc 
tion  and  fencing  of  the  avenues,  and  for  the  manufacture  of  tablets 
and  other  markers  to  mark  the  positions  of  troops  it  is  recommended 
that  a  sum  not  less  than  $50,000  be  appropriated. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
JOHN  B.  BACHELDER, 
W.  II.  FORNEY, 

Commissioners. 

Tho  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


BLUE    PRINTS   ACCOMPANYING   REPORT. 

1.— Crawford  property. 

2.— Pfeffer,  Codofi,  Bermer,  and  adjoining  properties. 
3._Starner  property. 
4. — Felix  property. 
5.— Plank  property. 
(>.— Hancock  avenue,  etc. 
?.— Springs  Hotel  property,  etc. 
8.— Codori  property  (part  of). 
9.— Pfeffer  property. 
10.— Benner  property. 

11.— Memorial  Association  property  (part  of). 
12.— Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  Company  (part  of). 

13  —A  map  of  the  vicinity  of  Gettysburg,  showing  the  work  of  engineer  corps 
of  the  Unit-d  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Commission  from  July  20 

614  —Map  showing  the  avenues  secured,  upon  which  are  located  the  brigades  of 
infantry  and  battalions  of  artillery  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1894, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  BATTLEFIELD  COMMISSION, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  November  12,  1894. 

SIR:  The  commission  have  the  honor  to  submit  their  second  an 
nual  report  from  October,  1893,  to  November  12,  1894.  The  blue 
prints  taken  from  maps  of  original  work  projected  by  this  commis 
sion,  surveyed  and  completed  and  which  are  numerous,  will  be  bound 
together  and  transmitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

It  is  the  policy  of  the  commission  to  make  the  report  one  of  prog 
ress. 

From  the  date  of  the  last  report  field  work  was  continued  until  the 
beginning  of  snow,  and  also  at  intervals  through  the  winter.  Active 
operations  in  the  field  were  resumed  in  March  and  have  been  con 
tinued  to  this  date. 

The  work  of  the  engineer  department  of  the  commission  has  been 
pel-formed  with  great  fidelity  under  the  guidance  of  Bvt.  Lieut. 
Col.  E.  B.  Cope  and  Mr.  S.  A.'  Hammond,  his  able  assistant,  and  in 
cludes  a  large  amount  of  surveying  and  mapping  of  tracts  of  land 
for  avenues,  laying  out,  leveling,  cross-sectioning,  preparing  maps 
and  specifications  of  the  avenues  proposed  and  projected  and  sections 
of  avenues  for  the  use  of  contractors. 

Attention  has  been  given  to  surveys  to  harmonize  conflicting  prop 
erty  lines  where  the  property  bounded  by  one  or  more  of  such  lines 
was  about  to  be  purchased  for  the  United  States;  also  careful  sur 
veys  and  maps  of  the  present  loop  of  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Rail 
road  have  been  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  Government. 

A  scheme  for  the  complete  and  exhaustive  topographical  study  of 
the  field  was  begun  last  year  and  has  been  kept  in  view  and  con 
tinued  whenever  time  and  opportunity  afforded,  as  follows:  To  make 
an  accurate  and  complete  instrumental  survey  of  the  entire  battle 
field,  and  to  make  it  on  a  scale  of  200  feet  to  the  inch,  consisting  of 
25  sheets,  27  by  28-^  inches,  each  representing  a  square  of  the  field 
5,400  feet  wide  east  and  west  and  5,G60  feet  north  and  south. 

This  map  is  intended  to  show  the  streams,  roads,  buildings  of  every 
description,  monuments  and  markers,  avenues,  timber,  earthworks, 
stone  walls,  fence  lines,  and  rocks;  all  the  undulations  will  be  shown 
by  contour  lines  for  every  4  feet  difference  of  level.  Much  of  this  work 
actually  done  will  appear  by  implication.  Surveys  have  already  been 
finished  for  three  sheets.  The  proper  mapping  of  the  balance  of  the 
field  work  will  engage  the  attention  of  the  corps  during  the  inclement 
winter  weather.  The  office  has  also  included  besides  original  work 


10          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

copies  of  the  large  Warren  map.  During  the  past  year  a  number  of 
positions  of  troops  have  been  marked  by  visitors  to  the  field  who  were 
soldiers  and  took  part  in  the  battle,  and  where  these  positions  were 
reliable  they  were  located  upon  our  base  map. 

On  August  1 1  General  Lewis,  Colonel  Tate,  and  Colonel  Keenan,  of 
North  Carolina,  visited  the  battlefield  and  located  the  position  of 
many  of  the  North  Carolina  troops.  Gen.  II.  Ileth,  late  of  the  Con 
federate  States  Army  and  of  the  Antietam  Battlefield  Commission, 
visited  the  field  and  located  the  position  of  the  two  batteries  of  his 
command  from  which  the  first  shots  were  fired  and  that  opened  the 
battle  upon  the  Confederate  line. 

On  October  30  a  committee  of  the  Seventh  West  Virginia  Infantry 
located  their  battle  line  on  the  Pfeffer  property,  near  Ziegler's  Grove. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  board  of  commissioners  to  address  a  com 
munication  to  the  governor  of  all  the  States,  requesting  them  to  name 
representatives  of  the  organizations  that  wrere  present,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  locating  every  movement  made  by  troops  during  the  battle. 

One  principal  Confederate  avenue  has  been  decided  upon.  It  reaches 
from  the  Hagerstown  road  to  a  point  2,470  feet  beyond  the  Emmits- 
burg  road,  upon  the  ridge  occupied  by  the  main  line  of  the  Confeder 
ate  army  during  the  2d  and  3d  of  July,  18G3.  It  has  been  divided 
into  five  sections.  Section  4  is  under  contract  and  will  be  completed 
this  early  winter.  Section  5  is  also  under  contract. 

It  was  found  from  the  surveys  made  that  an  avenue  500  feet  wide 
would  include  all  the  Confederate  earthworks  from  the  Hagerstown 
road  to  the  Codori  line,  a  distance  of  3,500  feet.  From  this  line  south 
to  the  Wheatfield  road  an  avenue  150  feet  wide  would  embrace  the 
principal  works,  except  those  that  were  located  in  Spanglers  Woods. 
This  part  of  the  avenue  would  be  9,031  feet  long,  and  the  avenue 
between  the  extreme  points  named  would  contain  74  acres  of  ground. 
A  calculation  of  the  area  of  the  avenue  for  different  widths  between 
the  extreme  points  is  as  follows: 

Acres. 

60  feet  wide,  13,341  feet  long .   18i 

100  feet  wide,  13,341  feet  long .    _.3f 

150  feet  wide,  13?34L  feet  long 464 

The  principal  avenue  has  been  divided  into  five  sections: 

Section  1,  from  Blocher's  house  to  the  Codori  line,  3,700  feet. 

Section  2,  from  Codori  line  to  Spanglers  Run,  3,700  feet. 

Section  3,  from  Spanglers  Run  to  Wheatfield  road,  4,800  feet. 

Section  4,  from  Wheatfield  road  to  Emmitsburg  road,  3,700  feet. 

Section  5,  from  Emmitsburg  roaa  to  present  end  of  M  venue.  2,470 
feet. 

On  April  11  drawings  and  specifications  for  bids  on  section  4  of 
avenue  were  furnished  to  the  following  contractors:  L.  K.  Miller, 
Cape  May,  N.  J. ;  R.  W.  Johnson,  Wayne,  Pa,;  M.  &  T.  K.  Farrell, 
Westchester,  Pa. ;  Patricinus  McManus,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  James 
P.  Mangen,  Gettysburg,  Pa, ;  B.  B.  Gonder,  Straiisburg,  Pa. ;  Pollard, 
Murtagh  <fc  Moore,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Ward  &  Strieker,  Ilarrisburg, 
Pa. ;  Hafer  Brothers,  Chambersburg,  Pa. ;  Owen  Patterson,  Baltimore, 
Md. ;  Slayer  &  Boyer,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

From  the  13th  to  the  21st  of  April  a  majority  of  those  having 
received  specifications  for  section  4  of  the  avenue  visited  Gettysburg 
for  the  purpose  of  viewing  the  locality,  and  were  taken  over  the 
ground,  and  on  the  21st  five  bids  were  handed  in,  namely,  Slayer  & 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          11 

Boyer,  Harrisburg,  Pa.;  B.  B.  Gonder,  Strausburg,  Pa.;  Farrell  & 
Bro.,  Westchester,  Pa.;  Richard  W.  Johnson,  Wayne,  Pa.,  and  P. 
McManus,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

On  October  1  two  bids  were  received  for  the  construction  of  section 
5  of  avenue.  These  were  opened  on  the  3d  instant  and  considered  by 
the  commission. 

During  the  year  the  following  properties  have  been  purchased  by 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War:  The  Bushman  tract  or  farm,  the 
Crawford  tract,  the  Charles  Starner  tract,  the  Felix  tract,  the  Mrs. 
Plank  tract. 

The  Secretary  of  War  has  authorized  the  purchase  of  the  McMillan 
tract  and  the  Blocher  tract. 

All  efforts  to  induce  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  to  vacate  the 
lines  of  battle  in  what  is  known  as  the  Loop,  the  Devil's  Den,  and 
through  the  Valley  of  Death  having  failed,  the  commissioners 
requested  the  Secretary  of  War  to  proceed  to  condemn.  Proceed 
ings  were  commenced  in  the  United  States  circuit  court  at  Philadel 
phia.  After  various  delays,  on  June  8,  1894,  the  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States  directed  proceedings  to  be  commenced  against 
the  electric  railway  at  Gettysburg,  under  the  joint  resolution  of 
Congress. 

August  1,  1804,  the  first  hearing  before  the  jury  in  the  trolley  case 
was  postponed  at  the  request  of  the  electric  railroad  until  September 
11,  1894.  On  September  11,  1894,  there  was  a  second  hearing  before 
the  jury  at  Gettysburg,  and  which  was  continued  until  September  15, 
1894,  when  they  adjourned  for  argument  in  Philadelphia.  The  jury 
awarded  the  sum  of  $30,000  damages  to  the  electric  company.  Upon 
November  12  the  company  appealed  from  this  award  as  being  inade 
quate,  and  the  commission  will  appeal,  with  the  approval  of  the  Sec 
retary  of  War,  upon  the  ground  that  the  damages  are  excessive  and 
detrimental  to  the  best  interests  of  the  United  States. 

On  January  16,  1894,  General  Forney  died  at  his  home,  Jackson 
ville,  Ala.  March,  1894,  Maj.  William  M.  Robbins,  of  Statesville,  N.  C., 
whose  service  upon  the  field  was  with  the  Fourth  Alabama  Infantry, 
was  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned 
by  the  death  of  General  Forney. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  a  resolution  was'  unanimously  adopted,  authorizing  the  exec 
utive  committee  to  take  the  necessary  measures  to  transfer  the  prop 
erty  of  the  association  to  the  United  States. 

The  commission  respectfully  request  that  the  following  may  be  sub 
mitted,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  for  the  guidance 
of  the  Congress : 

For  continuing  the  work  of  surveying,  locating,  and  preserving  the 
lines  of  battle  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  and  for  purchasing,  opening,  con 
structing,  and  improving  avenues  along  the  portions  occupied  by  the 
various  commands  of  the  armies  of  the  Potomac  and  Northern  Vir 
ginia  on  that  field,  and  for  fencing  the  same;  and  for  the  purchase, 
at  private  sale  or  by  condemnation,  of  such  parcels  of  land  as  the  Sec 
retary  of  War  may  deem  necessary  for  the  sites  of  tablets,  and  for 
the  construction  of  the  said  avenues;  for  determining  the  leading 
tactical  positions  and  properly  marking  the  same  with  tablets  of  bat 
teries,  regiments,  brigades,  divisions,  corps,  and  other  organizations 
with  reference  to  the  study  and  correct  understanding  of  the  battle, 
each  tablet  bearing  a  brief  historical  legend,  compiled  without  praise 


12         GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

and  without  censure,  850,000,  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  of  War. 

And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to  accept,  on  behalf 
of  the  United  States,  donations  of  land  for  road  or  other  purposes. 

On  November  3,  1803,  the  field  was  visited  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
and  Mrs.  Lamont.  On  July  14  and  15,  1894,  and  again  on  August  14, 
15,  and  16,  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  War,  Joseph  B.  Doe,  visited 
the  field.  The  great  interest  always  manifested  by  the  War  Depart 
ment  in  the  work  of  preserving  the  great  battlefield  of  the  war  is 
extremely  gratifying  to  the  board. 
Respectfully, 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  BOBBINS, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OP  WAR. 


LIST   OF   BLUE   PRINTS   ACCOMPANYING  THIS   REPORT. 

15.— The  Crawford  property. 

16. — The  Crawford  property. 

22. — New  map  of  the  field,  central  sheet. 

24. — Confederate  avenue. 

25. — Confederate  avenue,  section  4. 

26. — John  L.  Sherfy  tract. 

27.— William  Martin  tract. 

28.  —Electric  railroad  tract. 

29.— J.  O.  Blocher  tract. 

30. — Israel»Grenoble  tract. 

31. — Land  company  tract.  No.  1. 

32.— S.  J.  Drum  tract. 

33.— O.  D.  McMillan  tract. 

34. — Land  company  tract,  No.  2. 

35.— Barrett,  heirs,  tract. 

36. — Electric  railroad  tract. 

37.— R.  E.  Wible  tract. 

38.— George  Wolf  tract. 

39.— John  L.  Sherfy  tract. 

40.— N.  Flaharty  tract. 

41.— W.  Martin  tract. 

42. — G.  Spangler  tract,  No.  1. 

43. — Land  company  tract,  No.  4. 

44,— G.  Spangler  tract,  No.  2. 

45. — S.  J.  Codori  tract. 

46.— Land  company  tract,  No.  3. 

47. — Confederate  avenue,  section  5. 

48.— Plank  and  other  properties. 

50.— Positions  of  Confederate  artillery. 

51. — Positions  of  Confederate  artillery. 

52.— Electric  railroad  tract. 

52A.— Electric  railroad  tract. 

52B. — Electric  railroad  tract. 

53.— Electric  railroad  loop. 

53A. — Electric  railroad  loop. 

54. — A  tract  of  land  for  the  Bnford  statue. 

55. — The  site  for  the  Reynolds  monument. 

56. — Property  lines  between  Starner,  Plank,  and  Wible. 

57.— Mrs.  J.  E.  Plank  tract. 

58. — Detail  drawings  of  gun  carriages. 

59. — Drawings  of  mounted  gun. 

60.— John  L.  Sherfy  tract. 

61. — A  survey  of  the  Wible  farm. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  13 

62.— James  Felix  tract. 

63. —George  Wolf  tract. 

64.— O.  D.  McMillan  tract. 

65.— S.  J.  Drum  tract. 

66.— New  map  of  the  field,  Peach  Orchard  sheet. 

67.— New  map  of  the  field,  Round  Top  sheet. 

LIST   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS   TO   ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'  .REPORT. 

Laying  foundation  stone  on  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
Cross  section  foundation  pavement,  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
Putting  U-inch  stone  on  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
Section  4,  Confederate  avenue,  from  Emmitsburg  road. 
Grading  section  5,  Confederate  avenue,  Emmitsburg  road. 
Grading  on  section  5,  Confederate  avenue. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  P\RK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1895, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT,  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October  25,  1895. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub 
mit  the  following  statement  of  the  progress  and  present  condition  of 
the  work: 

MILITARY   AVENUES. 

At  the  date  when  our  report  as  the  Battlefield  Commission  was 
made  last  year  the  only  roadway  in  process  of  construction  was  sec 
tion  4  of  the  Confederate  avenue,  from  the  Wheatfield  road  to  the 
Emmitsburg  road  along  Seminary  Ridge.  During  the  present  year 
there  have  been  constructed  sections  5,  G,  and  7  of  Confederate  ave 
nue  extending  south  from  the  Emmitsburg  road  to  the  southern  limits 
of  the  battlefield,  thence  eastward  crossing  Plum  Run,  and  up  along 
the  west  slope  of  Round  Top  to  Kilpatrick  avenue;  also  an  avenue 
known  as  United  States  avenue  from  the  Emmitsburg  road  eastward 
via  the  Trostle  House  to  Hancock  avenue.  There  is  now  being  con 
structed  what  is  known  as  Seminary  avenue,  running  south  from  the 
Chambersburg  pike  along  Seminary  Ridge  to  some  distance  beyond 
the  Hagerstown  road,  and  as  soon  as  the  right  of  way  can  be  secured 
this  avenue  will  be  extended  along  said  ridge  to  the'Wheatfield  road 
and  connect  with  section  4  of 'Confederate  avenue,  long  since  com 
pleted.  Hancock  avenue,  which  runs  from  the  national  cemetery 
gate  southward  along  the  main  Union  line  of  battle  to  the  end  of 
United  States  avenue,  is  now  being  converted  into  a  Telford  road  25 
feet  wide,  with  two  side  loops  20  feet  wide  reaching  out  to  interesting 
localities. 

An  avenue  is  also  under  contract  running  from  the  Wheatfield  road 
south  on  the  border  of  the  Valley  of  Death  to  the  Devil's  Den,  and 
thence  around  and  following  the  line  of  battle  of  the  Third  Corps  to 
the  Crawford  land  line. 

All  these  avenues  have  been  and  are  being  constructed  on  the  Tel- 
ford  system,  which  was  adopted  after  full  consideration  and  study  of 
the  subject  as  promising  the  best  results  in  solidity  and  durability. 
The  stone  used  is  syenitic  granite  and  ironstone,  very  hard  and  of  excel 
lent  quality.  A  foundation  pavement  is  laid  of  8-inch  wedgelike  stones 
set  on  edge  and  well  knapped  and  chinked;  on  this  4  inches  of  stone 
li  inches  in  size;  then  a  slight  layer  of  clay  as  a  binder,  and  finally  a 
top  dressing  of  1  or  2  inches  of  quarter-inch  stone  screenings;  the 
whole  rolled  thoroughly  with  a  steam  roller  weighing  14  tons;  side  and 
under  drains  are  placed  where  needed.  The  results  of  the  above 
method  and  process  are  roadways  smooth  and  solid  and  which  will 
last  for  generations. 

15 


K)          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

BRIDGES. 

Two  bridges  have  been  built  over  Plum  Run,  one  on  United  States 
avenue,  the  other  on  section  7,  Confederate  avenue.  They  an?  mas 
sively  built  of  Gettysburg  granite,  the  foundations  deep,  the  super 
structure  of  steel  0-inch  I  bars  weighing  15  pounds  per  foot,  the  road 
way  22  feet  wide  of  JJ-inch  oak  plank,  cap  stones  on  the  abutments, 
and  railings  of  iron. 

STEEL   TOWERS. 

Four  steel  towers,  to  be  constructed  upon  a  design  prepared  by  the 
engineer,  Col.  E.  B.  Cope,  and  approved  by  the  commission,  have  been 
contracted  for  and  are  now  being  erected  by  the  Variety  Iron  AVorks, 
of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  No.  1  is  00  feet  high  and  stands  on  the  summit 
of  Big  Round  Top;  No.  2  is  75  feet  high,  on  Seminary  Ridge,  near  the 
Wheatfield  road;  No.  3,  75  feet  high,  is  on  Seminary  Ridge,  near  the 
Mummasburg  road,  and  overlooks  specially  the  scene  of  the  first  day's 
fight ;  No.  4,  00  feet  high,  is  on  the  summit  of  Culps  Hill.  Nos.  1  and  2 
are  nearly  finished,  and  all  four  will  be  completed  within  a  month. 

FENCING. 

Besides  a  large  amount  of  stone  fencing  repaired  and  rebuilt  along 
battle  lines  of  both  armies  as  it  stood  at  the  time  of  the  battle,  the 
commission  are  having  constructed  a  fence  along  the  completed  ave 
nues  wherever  needed,  with  gates  at  proper  locations.  This  fence  is 
composed  of  round  locust  posts,  iron  capped,  with  four  galvanized 
1-inch  gas  pipes  for  the  railings,  with  two  No.  8  galvanized  wires  in  the 
lower  intervals.  The  whole  is  over  44  feet  high,  very  strong  and 
handsome. 

GUN   CARRIAGES. 

The  volunteer  batteries  of  the  Union  Army  on  the  grounds  of  the 
Memorial  Association  are  generally  represented  by  one  gun  and 
mounted  upon  inferior  carriages.  This  commission  resolved  to  sub 
stitute  an  improved  iron  gun  carriage.  Sixty-two  new  carriages  have 
been  contracted  for.  Of  these  about  30  have  been  furnished  by  the 
contractor  and  placed  on  the  field  and  mounted  with  the  kind  of  gun 
used  by  each  battery,  respectively,  in  the  battle.  The  others  will  be 
put  in  position  as  soon  as  supplied  by  the  contractor.  p]xcellent 
granite  foundation  stones  support  each  carriage.  The  following  have 
already  been  placed  on  the  Union  lines,  viz : 

One  carriage  and  10- pound  Parrott  (Knap's  Battery),  Culps  Hill. 

One  carriage,  Napoleon  gun.  on  Barlows  Knoll. 

Three  carriages  and  10  pound  Parrotts  on  Little  Round  Top. 

Six  carriages  and  ;Mnch  rifles  (Ricketts's  Battery),  on  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

Three  carriages  and  Napoleon  guns  (Stewert's  Battery) ,  on  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

Three  carriages  and  3-inch  rifles  (right  of  Ricketts's  Battery),  on  East  Cemetery 
Hill. 

Three  carriages  and  3-inch  rifles  (Wiedrich's New  York  Battery),  on  East  Ceme 
tery  Hill. 

All  of  these  guns  on  East  Cemetery  Hill  occupy  redoubts  used  by 
said  batteries  in  the  battle. 

On  the  Confederate  lines  the  following  have  been  placed  to  mark 
positions  of  batteries,  viz: 

One  carriage  and  Confederate  Napoleon  gun  (Taylor's  Battery),  section  4,  Con 
federate  avenue. 
One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  (Parker's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    CONMISSION.  17 

One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  (Jordan's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 

Two  carriages  and  20-pound  Parrotts  (Woolfolk'a  Battery),  section  4,  Confed 
erate  avenue. 

(The  above  belonged  to  Alexander's  Battalion.) 

One  carriage  and  howitzer  (section  Gari ton's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate 
avenue. 

One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  ( Manly "s  North  Carolina  Battery),  section  4,  Con 
federate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  10-pound  Parrot t  (section  Carlton's  Battery),  section  4,  Con 
federate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  .10-pound  Parrott  (McCarthy's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate 
avenue. 

One  carriage  and  3-inch  rifle  (Frazer's  Battery),  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 

(These  belonged  to  Cabell's  Battalion.) 

One  carriage  and  Napoleon  gun  (Latham's  North  Carolina  Battery),  section  5, 
Confederate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  Napo.eon  gun  (Garden's  South  Carol: na  Battery),  section  5, 
Confederate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  10-pound  Parrott  (Bachman's  South  Carolina  Battery),  section 
5,  Confederate  avenue. 

One  carriage  and  Napoleon  gun  (section  Keilly's  North  Carolina  Battery).,  sec 
tion  f>.  Confederate  avenue. 

Two  carriages  and  3-inch  rifles  (section  Reilly's  North  Carolina  Battery),  sec 
tion  (5,  Confederate  avenue. 

( These  belonged  to  Henry's  Battalion. ) 

POSITIONS   AND   MOVEMENTS   OF  TROOPS. 

The  position  and  evolutions  of  the  various  commands  of  the  Union 
Army  were  mostly  determined  and  marked  by  the  Memorial  Associa 
tion.  .But  those  of  the  Confederate  army  remained  for  the  commis 
sion  to  ascertain  and  locate.  Much  attention  has  been  given  to  this. 
Surviving  Confederate  officers  and  soldiers  have  been  invited  to  visit 
the  field;  also  the  authorities  of  the  Southern  States  have  been  re 
quested  to  send  commissioners  representing  Confederate  commands  to 
point  out  positions.  The  responses  from  the  South  to  these  invitations 
and  requests  have  been  very  encouraging,  and  the  commission  have  had 
the  aid  of  many  Confederate  soldiers  of  intelligence,  some  of  high  rank, 
in  fixing  positions  and  movements  of  Confederate  troops.  Additions 
to  our  information  on  these  points  are  being  constantly  made.  All 
positions  ascertained  are,  of  course,  carefully  noted  on  our  topograph 
ical  maps,  as  well  as  upon  the  field,  so  that  they  can  not  be  lost.  With 
out  going  into  particulars,  the  commission  feel  sure  that  they  will  be 
able  within  a  reasonable  period  to  determine  and  mark  with  very  great 
accuracy  the  positions  and  evolutions  of  all  the  various  commands  of 
the  Confederate  army  on  this  field. 

THE  COMMISSION'S  NEW  MAP  OF  THE  BATTLEFIELD. 

Owing  to  numerous  and  important  engineering  operations  for  the 
construction  of  avenues,  bridges,  towers,  etc.,  for  determining  the 
boundaries  of  properties  and  office  work  for  the  immediate  use  of 
the -commission,  the  engineer  corps  have  been  unable  to  complete 
their  battlefield  survey  and  map  projected  to  show  every  detail  of  the 
field,  for  which  a  large  amount  of  data  has  already  been  collected. 
They  hope  to  be  able  ere  long  to  bring  this  work  to  completion.  The 
sheets  already  completed  have  been  found  to  be  of  much  value  for 
reference  and  are  in  constant  requisition.  The  commission  will  not 
now  attempt  to  specify  in  detail  all  the  work  of  the  engineer,  Col. 
689A 2 


18         GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

E.  B.  Cope,  and  his  assistants,  but  the  same  lias  been  very  extensive 
and  varied  and  in  the  highest  degree  satisfactory. 
Respectfully  submitted. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  BOBBINS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  Commissioners. 


BLUE-PRINT   MAPS   ACCOMPANYING   THE   REPORT. 

68. — United  States  corner  stone. 

69.— Regimental  tablets.  , 

70.— Tract  of  Henry  Spangler. 

71.— Tract  of  J.  L.  Sherfy. 

72.— Tract  of  W.  H.  Martin. 

73.— Section  6,  Confederate  avenue. 

74.— Section  7,  Confederate  avenue. 

75.— Codori  Grove. 

76.— College  lane. 

77.— Tract  No.  3.  J.  L.  Sherfy. 

78.— Sections  1,  2,  and  3,  Confederate  avenue. 

79.— A  public  road. 

80.— United  States  Regular  avenue. 

81.— Tract  of  Maria  Shultz. 

82.— Plan  of  bridge. 

83.— Plan  of  75-foot  tower. 

84.— Tract  of  S.  J.  Drum. 

8').— Drawing  of  60-foot  tower. 

86. — 14.2  miles  of  public  roads. 

87.— Tract  of  William  H.  Tipton. 

88.— Tract  No  5.  land  company. 

89.— Tract  No.  1,  land  company. 

90. — Tract  No.  2,  land  company. 

91.— Tract  No.  3,  J.  L.  Sherfy. 

92.— Tract  of  Martin  Winter. 

93.— Tract  of  H.  C.  Parsons. 

94.— Tract  of  Robert  Sheads. 

9  u— Tract  of  C.  F.  Starner. 

96. — Perspective  view  of  tower. 

97.— Tract  of  the  Twenty-first  Cavalry. 

98.  —  Seminary  lane. 

99. — Drawing  of  7o-foot  tower. 
100.— Seminary  lane. 
101.— Plan  of  gate. 
IQ-2.— Plan  of  fence.  .. 

103.— Centerpiece  of  gate. 
104.— Plan  of  gate. 
1  ().">. — Plan  of  gate. 

106.— Tract  of  land  of  Fifth  New  Jersey. 
107.— Tract  of  land  of  Twenty-sixth  Pennsylvania. 
108. — Tract  of  land  of  Sixth  Pennsylvania. 
109.— Tract  of  land  of  Ninety-eighth  Pennsylvania. 
110.— Tract  of  land  of  Knap's  Battery. 
111.— Tract  of  laud  of  Tenth  Maine. 

112.— Tract  of  land  of  One  hundred  and  thirty-sixth  New  York. 
113.— Tract  of  land  of  First  New  York  Artillery. 
114. — Tract  of  land  of  Seventy-seventh  New  York. 
H.").—  Tract  of  land  of  Fifty-fifth  New  York. 
116.—  Tract  of  land  of  Fourth  Ohio. 

117.— Tract  of  land  of  One  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  New  York. 
118.— Tract  of  land  of  Third  New  York. 
119.— Tract  of  land  of  First  New  Jersey  Cavalry. 
120.— Tract  of  land  of  Third  Pennsylvania  Battery, 
121.— Tract  of  land  of  Tenth  New  York  Cavalry. 
122.— Tract  of  land  of  Fourth  New  Jersey,  marker. 
123.— Tract  of  land  of  One  hundred  and  fifty-third  Pennsylvania. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION  19 

124. — Tract  of  land  of  Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 

125. —Tract  of  land  of  Eighth  Ohio. 

126.— Tract  of  land  of  United  States  avenue. 

127.— Tract  of  land  of  United  States  avenue. 

128.— United  States  corner  stone. 

129.— Sickles  and  Crawford  avenues. 

130.— Hancock  and  Sedgwick  avenues. 

131. — Foundation  stones. 

132.— Seminary  Lane  avenue. 

133.— Fence  No.  2.  Gilbert. 

134. — Earn  at  headquarters. 

135. — Wire  fence. 

136.— Wire  i'ence. 

137.— Tract  of  C.  Gilbert. 

138.— Tract  of  Maria  Shultz. 

139.— Tract  of  Jacob  Benner. 

140. — Tract  of  Seminary  lane. 

141. — Drawing  of  gate  and  fence. 

142. — Drawing  of  shells  used  in  the  battle. 

143.— Drawing  of  13-inch  shells. 

144. — Tract  of  United  States  property. 

145. — Tract  of  James  Felix. 

146.— Tract  of  United  States  property. 

147.— Wilkeson's  Battery. 

148.— Train  schedule. 

149. — Hancock  avenue. 

150.— Tract  of  Bair  and  Gilbert. 

151.— Tract  of  Pfeffer. 

155.— Tract  of  Basil  Biggs. 

153.— Tract  of  F.  Pfeffer. 

154.— Tract  of  D.  J.  Benner. 

155.— Tract  of  L.  Leister. 

Io6.— Tract  of  B.  Biggs. 

157.— Tract  of  L.  Hummelbaugh. 

158.— Tract  of  S.  Codori. 

159._Tract  of  W.  Patterson. 

160.— Tract  of  G.  Weikert. 

161.— Tract  of  P.  D.  Swisher. 

162.— Tract  of  J.  Felix. 

16o. — Boundary  lines  borough  of  Gettysburg. 

164. — Tract  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

165. — Site  of  General  Meade's  statue. 

166. — Tract  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

167. — Tract  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

LIST   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS   TO   ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'   REPORT. 

View  on  section  7,  Confederate  avenue — the  Devil's  Slipper. 

Section  7,  looking  east,  Round  Top  in  the  distance. 

Grading  roadbed,  section  1,  Confederate  avenue. 

Rolling  subgrade,  section  1,  Confederate  avenue. 

Foundation  work  of  roadway  on  Seminary  avenue,  looking  north. 

A  view  of  Ricketts  s  Battery.  F  and  G,  First  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  East 

Cemetery  Hill. 

First  JSTew  York  Light  Battery  I,  East  Cemetery  Hill. 
Side  view,  Bridge  No.  1. 

Perspective  view  of  Bridge  No.  1  on  United  States  avenue. 
Stewart's  battery.  Fourth  United  States,  East  Cemetery  Hill. 
A  view  of  Cooper's  Battery,  B,  First  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery.  East  Cemetery 

Hill. 
A  section  of  Riley's  Battery.  C.  S.  A.,  on  section  (>,  looking  toward  Little  Round 

Top. 

View  on  section  6.  looking  east,  Round  Top  in  the  distance. 
Old  cast-iron  gun  carriage,  formerly  used  to  mark  the  field. 
A  view  of  avenue,  section  5,  looking  north. 
A  view  of  section  5,  looking  south. 
A  view  of  Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  looking  south  from  near  the  entrance  of 

Kilpatirick  avenue.   • 

A  view  of  Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  looking  north. 
A  view  of  avenue,  section  4,  looking  north,  showing  the  fence  constructed  by  the 

commission  on  one  side  and  the  stone  wall  rebuilt  on  the  other. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  P\RK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  189G, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 

GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  PARK, 

Gettysburg,  PC/.,  October  21,  1896. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub 
mit  the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  present  condition  of  the 
work : 

MILITARY    AVENUES. 

Since  our  report  of  1895  the  Telford  road,  known  as  Seminary  ave 
nue,  and  section  1  of  Confederate  avenue,  running  from  the  Chambers- 
burg  pike  southward  along  Seminary  Ridge  as  far  as  the  Government 
at  present  owns  the  right  of  way  there,  has  been  completed;  like 
wise  Hancock  avenue,  which  runs  from  the  national  cemeter}-  gate 
southward  along  the  main  Union  line  of  battle  to  the  east  end  of 
United  States  avenue,  and  also  Sickles  avenue,  which  runs  from  the 
Emmitsburg  road  near  the  Rogers  house  southeastward,  via  the  Loop 
and  the  Wheatfield,  to  the  Devil's  Den.  Slocum  avenue,  which  fol 
lows  the  battle  lines  over  Culp's  Hill,  is  in  course  of  construction  and 
nearly  completed.  The  whole  length  of  Telford  avenues  which  have 
been  constructed  by  our  commission  is  7£  miles.  The  United  States 
avenue  crosses  the  Held  perpendicularly  from  east  to  west  between  the 
Union  and  Confederate  lines.  All  the  others  follow  closely  the 
respective  lines  of  battle.  Of  the  Confederate  avenue  which  follows 
the  Confederate  line  of  battle  along  Seminary  Ridge  and  thence  to 
Round  Top,  sections  1,  4,  5,  0,  and  7,  aggregating  a  distance  of  nearly 
3  miles,  have  been  completed.  Sections  2  and  3  of  this  Confederate 
avenue  remain  still  uncoiistructed,  solely  because  we  have  been  unable 
to  secure  the  right  of  way  by  purchase  from  the  land  owners.  Pro 
ceedings  to  condemn  the  needed  lands  were  delayed  on  account  of  a 
question  having  been  raised  in  a  similar  case  of  ours  as  to  the  right 
of  the  Government  to  condemn  land  for  such  purposes,  which  neces 
sitated  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  That 
court  having  adjudged  such  right  to  be  constitutional,  condemnation 
proceedings  were  at  once  instituted  and  are  now  pending  in  the  cir 
cuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  as  soon  as  the  right  of  way  shall  be  thereby  secured,  sec 
tions  2  and  3  of  the  Confederate  avenue  will  be  promptly  constructed. 

MARKING   THE    POSITIONS   OF   TROOPS. 

As  the  purpose  of  the  National  Government  in  taking  charge  of  this 
field  was  not  only  to  preserve  its  features  as  they  existed  at  the  time 
of  battle  and  to  make  its  many  interesting  points  accessible  by  good 

21 


22          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

roads,  but  also  to  have  the  positions  and  evolutions  of  both  the  con 
tending  armies  carefully  ascertained  and  suitably  marked,  and  as 
the  positions  of  most  of  the  Union  troops  had  been  previously  marked 
by  monuments  erected  by  different  States  at  their  own  expense,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association, 
our  attention  has  been  largely  directed  to  what  had  been  left  mainly 
undone,  to  wit,  fixing  and  marking  the  positions  and  movements  of 
the  Confederate  troops  and  the  United  States  Regulars.  Since  our 
last  report  we  have  marked  the  positions  of  the  four  batteries  of  Mcln- 
tosh's  Artillery  Battalion  on  Seminary  Ridge  along  section  1  of  the 
Confederate  avenue,  and  we  have  placed  an  additional  gun,  making 
two,  to  each  of  twelve  batteries  belonging  to  Alexander's,  Cabcll's, 
and  Henry's  Artillery  Battalions  along  sections  4,  5,  and  G,  Confeder 
ate  avenue.  Our  plan  is  to  mark  the  position  of  each  battery  by  at 
least  two  guns  like  those  which  composed  it  and  mounted  on  gun  car 
riages  admirably  resembling  the  usual  wooden  ones,  but  made  of  iron. 
Handsome  tablets  of  iron,  not  only  for  each  battery,  but  also  for  each 
command  of  infantry  and  cavalry,  will  stand  along  the  main  lines  of 
battle,  with  brief  inscriptions  specifying  the  name  of  each  command, 
its  service  in  the  battle,  and  referring  to  auxiliary  and  subordinate 
tablets  so  placed  as  to  indicate  successive  movements  during  the  con 
flict.  Much  thought  has  been  given  to  the  preparation  of  these  tab 
lets  and  their  inscriptions  for  the  Confederate  commands,  so  as  to 
arrive  at  the  utmost  possible  historic  accuracy  with  regard  to  each 
one  as  well  as  perfect  consistency  and  fairness  among  them  as  a  whole. 
This  is  a  work  requiring  great  deliberation  and  painstaking,  but  we 
hope  to  accomplish  it  satisfactorily. 

The  placing  of  the  Confederate  tablets  along  the  main  lines  can 
only  be  completed  when  we  shall  have  acquired  the  needed  lands  and 
completed  the  construction  of  the  Confederate  avenues  along  those 
lines,  which  we  are  doing  as  fast  as  practicable.  During  the  past 
year  we  have  also  replaced  all  of  the  old  inferior  gun  carriages  which 
were  formerly  used  for  the  Union  batteries  with  our  newr  iron  ones, 
constructed  as  aforesaid,  and  we  have  mounted  many  additional  guns 
to  mark  the  positions  of  Union  batteries,  among  the  more  notable  of 
which  are  six  20-pounder  Parrotts  placed  in  the  Citizen's  Cemetery 
by  leave  of  the  proper  authorities,  to  mark  the  positions  of  Taft's 
Battery. 

FENCING,    ETC. 

In  appropriate  and  needful  places  we  have  caused  the  avenues 
which  have  been  made  to  be  inclosed  with  the  neat  style  of  fence 
described  in  our  last  annual  report,  which,  being  made  of  iron-capped 
locust  posts  and  four  galvanized  iron  railings,  is  not  only  durable  but 
is  inconspicuous  to  the  sight,  and  therefore  does  not  mar  the  view  of 
the  field.  All  stone  fences  and  walls  which  existed  at  the  time  of  the 
battle  and  which  are  upon  ground  owned  by  the  United  States  we 
have  caused  to  be  restored  and  put  in  proper  condition,  as  also  such 
breastworks  and  other  defenses  as  were  erected  by  either  army.  We 
have  also  caused  great  numbers  of  trees  to  be  planted,  so  as  to  restore 
the  forest  on  grounds  which  have  been  denuded  of  trees  since  the 
battle.  The  hurricane  of  last  month  destroyed  many  hundreds  of 
trees  011  the  battlefield,  which  we  shall  take  measures  to  replace. 

OBSERVATORIES. 

The  four  steel  towers  which  were  in  course  of  construction  at  the 
date  of  our  last  report  were  completed  soon  thereafter.  \Ve  have 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          23 

since  caused  another  to  be  erected  near  the  center  of  the  field  in 
Ziegler's  Grove  and  not  far  from  the  point  where  the  battle  ended 
with  the  final  grand  but  unsuccessful  Confederate  assault  of  the  third 
day.  These  are  all  solid  and  well-built  structures,  and,  located  as  they 
are,  they  afford  the  observer  a  complete  and  satisfactory  view  of  the 
entire  scene  of  the  great  battle  and  enable  him  to  get  a  consistent 
and  accurate  idea  of  it  as  a  whole. 

We  are  happy  to  report  that  visitors  in  great  numbers  from  all  sec- 
tionsof  our  own  country,  as  well  as  some  from  abroad,  are  constantly 
thronging  these  historic  grounds  and  tracing  out  the  complicated 
phases  of  the  titanic  struggle,  with  many  expressions  of  their  satis 
faction  at  the  wise  plans  of  the  National  Government  for  making  it 
plain  and  easily  comprehended,  and  for  preserving  this  field  for  the 
study  of  those  who  are  to  come  after  us. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBIXS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Com  in  iss toners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST   OF   BLUE    PRINTS   TO    ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'   REPORT. 

168.— A  map  showing  the  scene  of  Longstreet's  final  assault  on  the  Union  lines  at 
Gettysburg  July  3,  1863. 

169.— Plot  of  land  for  the  Seventy- third  New  York  monument. 

170.— Trail  of  gun  carriage  for  20-pounder  Parrott  rifle. 

1T1.— Guns  used  in  marking  positions  of  batteries  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

173.— Property  of  the  United  States  formerly  belonging  to  M.  Bushman  estate. 

173.— Map  showing  location  of  trees,  etc..  in  Ziegler's  grove. 

174.— Plot  of  land  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Water  Company  on  which  is 
erected  the  Twenty-fifth  and  Seventy- fifth  Ohio  monuments. 

lio.—  Plot  of  ground  belonging  to  the  estate  of  Samuel  A.  Whitney  on  which  is 
erected  Hall's  Second  Maine  Battery  monument. 

176.— Plot  of  ground  belonging  to  the  estate  of  Samuel  A.  Whitney  on  which  is 
erected  the  One  hundred  and  forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  monument. 

17 /.—Tract  of  land  belonging  ..o  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa 
tion.     Conveyed  by  Henry  and  Annie  Gulp. 

178.— Tract  of  land  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa 
tion.     Conveyed  by  Samuel  E ashman. 

179.— Plot  of  monument  sites  in  Peach  Orchard  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg. 

180.— Tract  of  land  belonging  to  the  United  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 
Association.     Conveyed  by  Hart  Gilbert, 

181.— Tract  belonging  to  the  United  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso 
ciation.     Conveyed  by  Levi  Weikert. 

182.— Tract  belonging  to  the  United  States  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso 
ciation.     Conveyed  by  Emanuel  Weikert. 

183.— Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association      Con 
veyed  by  Henry  Welty. 

184.— Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association      Con 
veyed  by  Levi  Plank. 

185.— Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association      ( 'on- 
veyed  by  Emanuel  Weikert. 

186.— Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association      Con 
veyed  by  Francis  A.  Althoff. 

187. — Gate  of  inch  pipe. 

188.— Tract  belonging  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association      Con 
veyed  by  John  S.  Forney. 

189.— Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 
by  George  F.  Basehoar. 

190. — A  mounted  Whit  worth  gun. 

191.— Tract  belonging  to  John  L.  Sherry  on  which  is  erected  the  First  Vermont 
United  States  Sharpshooters  monument. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 


192. 
193. 
194. 
195. 
196. 
197. 

198. 
199. 

200. 
201. 
202. 
20:5. 
204. 
205. 
308. 
207. 
308. 
209. 
210. 
211. 

212. 
213. 
214. 

215. 
216. 

217.— 

218. 
219. 

220. 
221. 
222. 
223. 
224. 


-Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association, 
by  J.  S.  Forney. 


Conveyed 
Conveyed 


225 
226 

227 


Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association. 

by  Jeremiah  Bender. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  J.  S.  Forney. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  J.  A.  Livers. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial' Association.     Conveyed 

by  David  Wills. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  M.  W.  &  J.  W.  Eicholtz. 

Tract  in  Howard  avenue  taken  from  property  of  Alex.  Spangler. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Taken  by 

condemnation  proceedings  from  the  poor  directors  of  Adams  County. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Leander  Hunielbaugh. 
Tract  of  land  conveyed  by  A.  Spangler  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 

Association. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Jacob  Baker. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Alice  Forney. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  John  Bender. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  David  Blocher. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  David  Wills. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  E.  Han  a  way. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Hugh  Scott, 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  E.  Menchy. 
Tracts  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  Samuel  A.  Whitney. 
Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association.     Conveyed 

by  E.  McPherson  and  John  Kuhn. 
Plan  and  elevation  of  harness  house. 
Proposed  flagstaff. 
-Round  Top  tracts  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa- 

uon  to  United  States  of  America. 
-Howard  avenue  tracts. 
-Neill  avenue,  conveyed  by  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States. 
( 'nips  Hill  tract,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States  of  America, 
— Plan  of  Sickles  avenue. 

—Oak  Ridge  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Associa 
tion  to  United  States  of  America. 
—Reynolds  Woods  and  part  of  Reynolds  avenue,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg 

Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
—Reynolds    avenue   property    No.    2,  conveyed    by  Gettysburg  Battlefield 

Memorial  Association  to  the  United  States  of  America. 
—The  Wheatfield  and  portion  of  Sickles  avenue,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg 

Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
— Buford  avenue  and  a  portion  of  Reynolds  avenue,  conveyed  by  the  Gettys 
burg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to  the  United  States  of  America. 
—Hancock  avenue,  including  George  Weikert.  L.  Hunielbaugh,  and  L.  Leister 

properties,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to 

United  States  of  America. 
—  Althoff  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States  of  America. 
— Property  in   borough  of  Gettysburg,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield 

Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
— Smith  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 

to  United  States  of  America. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  25 

228. — Rose  Grove,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association  to 

United  States  of  America. 
229. — East  Cemetery  Hill  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 

Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
230. — Cavalry  avenue  property,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg   Battlefield   Memorial 

Association  to  United  States  of 'America. 
231. — Plot  of  First  New  Jersey.  Battery  A,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield 

Memorial  Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
232.— Plot  of  First  Wisconsin  monument. 

238.— Plot  of  One  hundred  and  fourteenth  and  Fifty-seventh  Pennsylvania. 
234. — One  hundred  and  thirty-sixth  New  York  monument  plot. 
235.— Sixth  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
236. — First  Maine  Cavalry  plot. 
237.— Randolph's  Battery  E  plot. 

238. — Guns  used  for  marking  position0  of  batteries.  No.  2. 
239. — Ninety-fifth  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
240. — Twenty- sixth  Emergency  Regiment  monument  plot. 
241. — Fifteenth  Massachusetts  monument  plot. 
242. — First  United  States  Sharpshooter  monument  plot. 
243. — Seventy-third  New  York  monument  plot. 
244. — One  hundred  and  sixth  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
245. — Sixty-third  Pennsylvania  monument  plot. 
246.— Fifth  New  York  Cavalry  monument  plot. 
247. — Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  monument  plot. 
248.— First  Massachusetts  monument  plot. 
249. — Twenty-seventh  Indiana  monument  plot. 
250.— Tablet  plot  first  shot  fired. 

251.— A  general  map  of  all  the  lands  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  which  have  been  conveyed  to  the  United  States  of  America. 
252. — Round  Top  Park  property  of  Gettysburg  and  Harris  burg  Railroad. 
253. — Plot  of  tract  of  land  belonging  to  John  L.  Sherfy,  known  as  the  Peach 

Orchard. 

254.— Property  of  W.  H.  Tipton. 
255. — Tract  of  land  from  property  of  George  F.  Basehoar  forming  part  of  Buford 

avenue. 

256.— United  States  property  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 
257. — Plan  of  Observation  Tower  No.  5. 
258. — Plot  of  tract  of  land  belonging  to  Amos  Leister. 
259.— Entrance  to  Slocum  avenue,  conveyed  by  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial 

Association  to  United  States  of  America. 
260.— Plan  of  dedication  stand. 
261.— Map  showing  the  connections  of  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  on  the 

Emmitsburg  road. 

262. — Tract  belonging  to  Gettysburg  and  Harrisburg  Railroad  Company. 
263. — Tracts  of  land  belonging  to  William  Patterson. 
264.— Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Land  and  Improvement  Company. 
26  \— Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Henry  Spangler. 
266.— Tract  belonging  to  John  L.  Sherfy. 
267.— Tract  belonging  to  Warren  W.  Hafer.. 

268.— Tract  belonging  to  Land  and  Improvement  Company  on  Seminary  Ridge. 
269,— Map  showing  tracts  of  land  required  on  Seminary  Ridge  for  the 'continued 

construction  of  Confederate  avenue  from  Hagerstown  road  to  Wheatfield 

road. 

270.— Plan  of  Slocum  avenue. 
271. — Plan  of  Sedgwick  avenue. 

272.— Cross  section  of  Western  Maryland  Railroad  cut. 
273.— Plan  of  barn  on  United  States  property  (formerly  Bushman). 
274.— Plan  of  Meade  avenue. 
275. — Design  for  girder  bridge. 

276. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Florence  and  Georgianna  Cunningham. 
277.— Tracings  of  the  200-foot  scale  Warren  map.  accompanying  the  report  of  1896, 
278.— Title  page. 
279.— Northwest  corner.  A-l. 
280.— Herr  Tavern,  A-2. 
281.— North  Middle,  A-3. 
282.—. North  Rock  Creek,  A-4. 
283.— Northeast  corner,  A-5. 
284. — South  of  northwest  corner.  B-l. 


2(3          GETTY1SBUKG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

285.— Medicinal  Spring,  B-2. 

286.— West  Gettysburg,  B-3. 

287.— East  Gettysburg,  B-4. 

288.— Hanover  road,  B-5. 

289.— Black  Horse  Tavern,  C-l. 

290.— Middle  Willoughby  Run,  C-2. 

291.— Field  of  Longstreet's  assault,  C-3. 

292.— Gulps  Hill,  C-4. 

293.— Wolf  Hill,  C-5. 

294.— Marsh  Creek,  D-l. 

295.— Pitzer's  Schoolhouse,  D-2. 

296.—  Peach  Orchard  and  Wheatfield,  D-3. 

297.— Power's  Hill,  D-4. 

298.— East  Baltimore  pike,  D-5. 

299. — Southwest  corner,  E-l. 

300.— South  Einmitsburg  road,  E-2. 

301.— The  Round  Tops  and  Devil's  Den,  E-3. 

302.— South  Taneytown  road,  E-4. 

303.— South  Rock  Creek,  E-5. 

LIST   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS  TO   ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'  REPORT 

Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  tower. 

Big  Round  Top. 

Entrance  to  Hancock  avenue,  Zeigler's  Grove. 

Hancock  avenue,  south,  toward  Bryan  House. 

Hancock  avenue,  tower,  Bryan  House. 

Hancock  avenue,  Eleventh  New  York  Independent  Battery. 

Hancock  avenue,  loop  at  tho  angle. 

Hancock  avenue,  north  to  high-water  mar  c. 

Hancock  avenue  at  intersection  of  Pleasomon  avenue. 

Intersection  United  StatVs  avenue  and  Hancock  avenue. 

United  States  avenue,  from  Trostle  House. 

Entrance  to  Sickles  avenue,  Emmitsburg  road. 

Crossing  of  United  States  and  Sickles  avenues. 

Sickles  avenue,  woods  west  of  Wheatfield. 

Sickles  avenue,  across  AVheatfield. 

Sickles  avenue  at  Smith's  Battery,  Fourth  New  York. 

Sickles  avenne  west  of  Devil's  Den. 

Tower.  Confederate  avenue,  section  4. 

Entrance  to  Slocum  avenue. 

Slocum  avenue,  Stevens  Knoll. 

Stevens  s  Fifth  Maine  Battery,  E,  Slocum  avenue. 

Slocum  avenue— section  of  Stevens's  Fifth  Maine  Battery. 

Slocum  avenue  at  entrance  to  woods.  Gulps  Hill. 

Tower  and  K>  ap  s  Battery.  E.  Pennsylvania  L  ght  Artillery,  summit  of  Gulps  Hill. 

Slocum  avenue,  graded  roadbed. 

Slocum  avenue,  graded  roadbed. 

Terminus  of  Slocum  avenue,  near  Spanglers  Spring. 

Reynolds  Grove  after  storm  of  September  30,  1890. 

Reynolds  Grove  after  storm  of  September  30,  1898. 

Reynolds  Grove  alter  storm  of  September  30,  189(>. 

Big  Round  Top  near  tower,  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Big  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30.  189(5. 

Big  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 

Little  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30,  1890. 

Little  Round  Top  after  storm  of  September  30,  1890. 

Grove  south  of  Wheatfield  after  storm  of  September  30,  1890. 

Grove  south  of  Wheatfield  after  storm  of  September  30,  1890. 

Gulps  Hill  near  Seventieth  and  One  hundred  and  second  New  York  monument 

after  storm  of  September  30,  1890. 

Gulps  Hill,  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  monument  after  storm  of  September  30,  1S«.)6. 
Gulps  Hill  near  Knap's  Battery  after  storm  of  September  30,  1890. 
Gulps  Hill  after  storm  of  September  30,  1896. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1897, 


A\TAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October  25,  1897. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub 
mit  the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  present  condition  of  their 
work,  with  some  suggestions  of  their  plans  for  the  future : 

MILITARY    AVENUES. 

Since  the  last  report  Slocum  avenue,  then  under  construction,  has 
been  completed.  It  leads  from  the  Baltimore  pike  at  the  base  of  East 
Cemetery  Hill  over  the  summit  of  Gulps  Hill  to  its  southeastern  base 
at  Spanglers  Spring,  closely  following  and  marking  the  main  battle 
line  of  the  right  wing  of  the  Union  Army. 

Sedgwick,  Sykes,  and  Meade  avenues  have  been  surveyed,  con 
tracted  for,  and  completed.  Sedgwick  avenue  leads  from  the  southern 
end  of  Hancock  avenue  to  the  northern  base  of  Little  Round  Top, 
following  the  Sixth  Corps  line  on  that  part  of  the  field ;  and  Sykes 
avenue  leads  over  the  summit  of  Little  Round  Top,  following  the 
Fifth  Corps  line  there,  and  continues  on  until  it  connects  with  the 
Confederate  avenue,  section  7,  on  the  Avestern  slope  of  Big  Round 
Top.  Meade  avenue  leads  from  General  Meade's  headquarters  011  the 
Taneytown  road  to  Hancock  avenue,  at  the  point  where  the  Confed 
erate  assault  of  the  third  day  culminated. 

That  section  of  Crawford  avenue  which  leads  from  Devil's  Den  north 
ward  through  the  Valley  of  Death  to  the  Wheatfield  road,  including 
a  bridge  over  Plum  Run,  is  being  rapidly  pushed  and  will  be  com 
pleted  before  December  31,  1897. 

All  these  avenues,  like  those  previously  built  by  the  commission  on 
this  field,  are  constructed  011  the  Telford  system  and  are  substantial 
and  durable.  Wherever  along  their  sides  there  are  sloping  banks, 
these  are  turfed  or  set  with  grass;  the  gutters  are  well  paved  with 
stones,  and,  wherever  needful  at  short  curves,  low  granite  pillars, 
topped  with  13-inch  shells,  have  been  set  on  the  edge  of  the  avenues 
to  prevent  careless  driving  off  the  roadway. 

Hancock  avenue  has  been  widened  to  100  feet  b}'  purchasing  the  nec 
essary  ground  on  each  side  and  erecting  along  its  borders  an  excellent 
standard  fence. 

Much  yet  remains  to  be  done  here  in  the  construction  of  avenues 
and  roadways.  Two  miles  of  the  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary 
Ridge,  along  the  battle  line  of  Hill's  Corps  on  second  and  third  days, 
have  not  yet  been  constructed  because  the  Government  did  not  possess 


28          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

the  right  of  way.  After  diligent  efforts  to  secure  this  by  purchase  at 
reasonable  figures  from  the  land  owners,  but  without  success,  proceed 
ings  for  condemning  the  needed  lands  were  begun  in  the  circuit  court 
of  the  United  States  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania  and  are 
still  pending  there.  A  jury  of  view  was  appointed,  inspected  the  lands, 
heard  testimony,  and  made  report  fixing  prices  for  the  lands;  but  the 
proprietors  appealed,  and  the  case  stands  for  trial.  It  will  doubtless 
be  decided  at  the  spring  term,  and  we  hope  then  to  push  that  avenue 
to  completion.  It  will  connect  the  two  parts  of  Confederate  avenue 
already  built  at  the  northern  and  southern  ends  of  Seminary  Ridge 
and  make  a  complete  and  splendid  avenue  along  the  whole  front  of 
Hill's  and  Lougstreet's  corps  from  the  Chambersburg  pike  southward 
and  eastward  to  the  slopes  of  Round  Top,  a  distance  of  over  5  miles. 
One  or  more  bridges  must  be  built  along  it  over  the  streams  which  cut 
through  the  ridge. 

There  is  need  for  important  improvements  upon  the  avenues  on  the 
cavalry  field  3  miles  east  of  the  town  and  for  more  substantial  fencing 
about  those  avenues  and  grounds.  Moreover,  the  Confederate  posi 
tions  on  that  field  are  as  yet  entirely  unmarked,  and  the  commission 
is  anxious  to  have  sufficient  provision  made  to  enable  them  at  an  early 
day  to  secure  the  needed  lands,  erect  tablets,  and  mount  batteries,  so 
as  to  show  the  lines  and  evolutions  of  the  Confederate  forces  there. 
Among  the  other  avenues  which  are  now  but  rough,  narrow,  and 
unsightl}T  ways,  scarcely  passable,  and  need  to  be  converted  into  Tel- 
ford  roads,  we  may  mention  Wright  avenue,  leading  from  the  gap 
between  the  Round  Tops  southeasterly  across  the  Tanej^town  road 
along  the  line  of  the  left  division  of  the  Sixth  Corps;  Pleasanton  ave 
nue,  from  Hancock  avenue  eastward  by  the  cavalry  headquarters  to 
the  Tanej'town  road;  and  the  return  avenue  on  Gulp's  Hill,  from 
Spangler's  spring  westward  along  the  southern  base  of  that  hill,  mark 
ing  the  battle  line  where  the  Union  forces  formed  in  the  early  morning 
of  July  3  and  advanced  for  the  recovery  of  their  position  captured  by 
the  Confederates  the  evening  before. 

The  Reynolds,  Buford,  and  Howard  avenues  on  the  first  day's  field 
are  dirt  roads,  located  by  the  Memorial  Association,  and  often  in  bad 
condition.  They  mark  the  lines  of  the  First  and  Eleventh  corps  and 
of  the  Union  cavalry,  and  greatly  need  to  be  improved,  either  on  the 
Macadam  or  Telford  plan,  and  a  substantial  bridge  upon  Reynolds 
avenue  across  the  railroad  cut,  made  historic  by  the  conflict  there, 
must  be  built  soon,  the  old  one  constructed  by  the  Memorial  Associ 
ation  having  become  dangerous. 

There  is  urgent  need  for  a  new  avenue  leading  from  the  southeastern 
base  of  Gulp's  Hill,  across  Rock  Creek,  to  the  extreme  right  flank  of 
the  Union  and  left  flank  of  the  Confederate  forces,  respectively,  and 
this  should  be  laid  out  with  a  view  to  its  extension  to  the  cavalry 
field,  whither  a  good  road  is  much  needed. 

The  public  roads  within  the  bounds  of  the  park,  radiating  in  every 
direction  from  the  town,  the  substantial  center  of  the  battlefield, 
would  serve  as  convenient  routes  by  which  to  reach  many  interesting 
parts  of  it  if  the}7  were  kept  in  good  condition;  but  the}'  are  gener 
ally  in  a  very  unsatisfactory  state  and  often  well-nigh  impassable. 

MARKING   POSITIONS   OF   TROOPS. 

Under  the  supervision  of  the  commission,  the  engineer,  Lieut.  Col. 
E.  B.  Cope,  has  noted  on  the  field  and  marked  upon  the  maps  the 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  29 

positions  of  every  command  of  both  armies  which  has  been  authentic 
ally  fixed,  and  this  embraces  nearly  all  of  them.  The  indication  of 
all  these  positions  by  tablets  and  markers  011  the  ground  will  proceed 
as  rapidly  as  practicable,  having  in  some  cases  to  await  the  acquisi 
tion  of  title  to  the  land. 

During  the  year  iron  gun  carriages  have  been  procured,  of  the 
excellent  pattern  adopted  by  the  commission,  and  guns  have  been 
mounted  upon  them,  marking  the  positions  of  10  Union  batteries  in 
various  parts  of  the  field.  Additional  gun  carriages  are  needed  soon, 
to  be  used  for  mounting  guns  marking  the  positions  of  42  Confederate 
batteries  in  addition  to  those  of  the  Confederates  which  have  already 
been  marked  and  heretofore  reported. 

A  monument  to  the  Seventy-third  New  York  Infantry,  known  as  the 
"Fire  Zouaves,"  was  erected  near  Sickles  avenue  and  the  Peach 
Orchard,  and  dedicated  Avith  appropriate  ceremonies  in  September. 

The  monument  of  the  First  Minnesota  Regiment,  erected  some  years 
since,  was  dedicated,  by  the  survivors  of  the  regiment  from  that  State, 
on  July  2,  1897. 

The  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  Vermont  regiments  of  Stannard's 
Brigade  have  recently  sent  committees  here  to  fix  the  locations  for 
the  monuments  which  are  to  be  erected  to  these  commands. 

A  commission  from  the  State  of  Maine  has  recently  verified  the 
sites  for  tablets  to  be  erected  near  Hancock  avenue,  showing  the 
respective  positions  of  the  Third  and  Fourth  Maine  Regiments  on  the 
third  day  of  the  battle. 

We  are  glad  to  report  that  quite  a  number  of  Confederate  veterans 
have  visited  here  during  the  year  for  the  purpose  of  viewing  the 
battlefield  and  of  locating  and  verifying  the  lines  and  positions  of 
their  commands.  We  interpret  this  as  a  favorable  indication  of  grow 
ing  interest  on  the  part  of  the  Southern  States  and  people  in  this  field. 

In  addition  to  the  before-mentioned  proceedings  for  condemning 
lands  for  the  Confederate  avenue  on  Seminary  Ridge,  there  is  also 
yet  pending  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the  eastern 
district  of  Pennsylvania  the  proceeding  begun  some  time  since  for 
condemning  part  of  the  Gettysburg  Electric  Railroad  line  and  remov 
ing  it  from  the  military  positions  which  it  defaces  on  the  battlefield. 
This  case  will  probably  be  concluded  ere  long,  and  the  amount  of  com 
pensation  which  may  be  adjudged  to  said  railroad  company  will  then 
be  payable.  The  amount  awarded  by  the  jury  of  view  was  830,000. 
This  was  appealed  from  by  both  sides.  We  trust  the  court's  final 
judgment  may  reduce  it. 

We  will  not  encumber  the  report  by  attempting  to  specify  the  details 
of  our  work,  nor  the  many  minor  expenses,  aggregating"^  very  con 
siderable  sum,  which  are  necessarily  incident  to  the  prosecution  of  so 
great  a  design  as  the  establishment  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Mili 
tary  Park. 

Feeling  sure  that  it  would  be  wise  to  appropriate  $150,000  for  this 
work  for  the  next  fiscal  year,  we  respectfully  recommend  that  amount. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBIXS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Cuiiunissioners. 
Ihe  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


30          GETTYSBUKG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 
BLUE   PRINTS   SUBMITTED  WITH   THE   REPORT   OF  THE   COMMISSION. 

304. — Plan  for  piking  the  Taneytown  road  from  borough  line  to  Meade  headquar 
ters  property. 

305. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Basil  Biggs  and  wife. 

300. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  William~Patterson  and  wife. 

307. — Tract  of  land,  No.  3,  belonging  to  William  Patterson  and  wife. 

308.— Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Calvin  P.  Krise. 

309. — Cross-section  of  avenue  of  Antietam  battlefield. 

310.— Plan  of  Sedgwick  and  Sykes  avenues  and  portion  of  Kilpatrick  avenue. 

311. — Map  of  United  States  national  ceinetry,  showing  the  positions  of  batteries. 

312.— Gate,  of  inch  pipe. 

313. — Fence,  of  inch  pipe. 

314. — Plan  of  retaining  wall  along  Sykes  avenue.- 

315. — Fence  of  steel  tubing  and  steel  wire  cables. 

316.— Positions  of  the  Thirteenth  Vermont  Regiment  on  the  Gettsburg  battlefield. 

317. — Plotof  land  belonging  to  Gettysburg  Water  Company,  surrounding  Twenty- 
fifth  and  Seventy-fifth  Ohio  monument. 

318. — Blocks  in  Hancock  statue  pedestal  damaged  by  lightning  July  7,  1897. 

319. — Map  showing  site  of  Seventy-third  New  York  monument. 

320. — Plan  to  connect  equestrian  statue  of  General  Hancock  with  the  ground,  to 
prevent  injury  from  lightning. 

321. — Plan  to  connect  equestrian  statues  with  the  ground,  to  prevent  injury  from 
lightning. 

322.— CnliVs  Hill,  C-4. 

323.— Medicinal  Springs.  B-2. 

PHOTOGRAPHS   SUBMITTED   WITH    REPORT    OF    THE    COMMISSION. 

Entrance  to  East  Cemetery  Hill,  showing  General  Hancock  statue  and  walk. 

Paving  in  front  of  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

Entrance  to  Slocum  avenue. 

Slocum  avenue  at  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  monument. 

Retaining  wall  along  Slocum  avenue. 

Retaining  wall  along  Slocum  avenue  from  One  hundred  and  fiftieth  New  York 

monument. 

Slocum  avenue  from  Second  Maryland  C.  S.  A. 

Slocum  avenue  north  from  One  hundred  and  twenty-third  New  York  monument. 
Slocum  avenue  south  from  One  hundred  and  twenty-third  New  York  monument. 
The  walk  through  Ziegler's  Grove,  looking  north. 

The  walk  through  Ziegler's  Grove,  showing  Butler's  Second  United  States  Battery. 
Sedgwick  avenue  from  intersection  of  United  States  avenue. 
Sedgwick  avenue  north. 

Sedgwick  avenue  north  from  Wheatfield  road. 
Sykes  avenue,  north  side  Little  Round  Top. 

Retaining  wall  along  Sykes  avenue,  north  side  Little  Round  Top. 
Sykes  avenue,  summit  Little  Round  Top. 
Sykes  avenue,  summit  Little  Round  Top. 
Building  retaining  wall,  south  side  Little  Round  Top. 
Sykes  avenue  south  along  retaining  wall. 
Rolling  Sykes  avenue  between  the  Round  Tops. 
Graded  roadway,  foot  of  Big  Round  Top. 
Laying  foundation  pavement,  foot  of  Big  Round  Top. 
Hitching  rail  at  Devil's  Den. 

Hitching  rail  near  Devil's  Den,  looking  toward  Little  Round  Top. 
Turnbull's  F  and  K  Third  United  States  Battery,  Emmitsburg  road 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  IflOS, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK, 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  October  1,  1898. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub 
mit  the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  condition  of  their  work, 
with  some  suggestions  on  what  they  think  necessary  for  its  successful 
prosecution  in  the  future: 

MILITARY    AVENUES. 

Since  the  last  report  Crawford  avenue  has  been  completed,  leading 
northward  from  Devil's  Den  through  the  Valley  of  Death  and  across 
Plum  Run  to  the  Wheat-field  road.  The  bridge  over  Plum  Run  was 
constructed  in  the  same  substantial  style  as  the  others  which  have 
been  built  on  this  field. 

The  commission,  having  heretofore  given  attention  to  the  roads  and 
avenues  of  the  park  of  the  second  and  third  days'  battlefield,  have 
thought  it  wise  this  year  to  look  after  those  on  the  first  day's  field, 
and  have  entered  into  contracts  for  the  construction  of  Reynolds  and 
Howard  avenues,  which  mark  the  lines,  respectively,  of  the  First  and 
Eleventh  Corps  of  the  Union  Arni3r  and  are  together  nearly  3  miles 
long.  Howard  avenue  is  finished.  It  leads  from  the  ITarrisbnrg  road, 
near  Rock  Creek,  westward  by  Barlow's  Knoll  to  the  Mummasburg 
road ;  is  20  feet  wide,  and  constructed  on  the  Telf ord  plan  in  the  best 
manner,  like  all  the  avenues  on  this  field.  Reynolds  avenue,  which 
is  in  two  sections,  will  be  completed,  it  is  hoped,  early  next  spring, 

A  number  of  other  roads  and  avenues  have  been  mentioned  in 
previous  reports  as  urgently  needed  to  render  accessible  important 
and  interesting  sections  of  this  great  battlefield.  The  commissioners 
would  have  pushed  them  this  3'ear  but  for  the  lack  of  adequate  means, 
and  they  will  do  so  as  soon  as  practicable.  Among  them  are  the 
avenues  on  the  cavalry  field  and  the  road  leading  thither. 

The  commission  long  since  constructed  Telford  avenues  along  the 
Confederate  battle  line  of  the  second  and  third  days'  fight  on  Semi 
nary  Ridge,  on  each  extremity  of  said  line,  the  left  of  Hill's  Corps 
and  the  right  of  Longstreet's,  aggregating  over  3  miles  in  length. 
Between  these  two  parts  of  Confederate  avenue  there  is  a  gap  of  2 
miles  (long)  along  the  left  of  Longstreet's  Corps  and  the  right  of 
Hill's,  across  which  the  commission  have  been  very  anxious  to  con 
struct  a  link  needed  to  connect  the  two  extremities  aforesaid  and  thus 
complete  the  Confederate  avenue  from  the  Chambersburg  pike  north 
west  of  the  town  southward  and  eastward  to  Round  Top,  a  distance 
of  over  5  miles. 

31 


32         GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

No  part  of  this  battlefield  is  more  interesting  than  the  part  covered 
by  that  gap  in  the  Confederate  avenue.  Not  only  did  important 
movements  of  the  second  day's  battle  originate  there,  but  it  was  there 
the  Confederate  column  of  the  third  day  under  Longstreet  was  formed 
and  began  its  advance  on  that  final  charge  led  by  Pickett,  so  sublime 
in  its  daring  and  so  tragic  in  its  fate. 

There  is  no  part  of  this  battlefield  so  inaccessible  as  this.  Encum 
bered  by  bushes  and  briers  and  cross  fences,  with  not  even  an  open 
footpath  over  it,  visitors  here  never  see  this  ground  because  they  can 
not  reach  it. 

The  only  reason  the  commission  have  not  constructed  the  axrenue 
'over  it  is  because  the  Government  does  not  own  the  land,  not  having 
the  right  of  way,  and  the  owners  of  the  land  ask  such  exorbitant 
prices  for  it  that  the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  commission  do  not  feel 
justified  in  paying  them.  More  than  two  years  ago  the  Secretary  of 
War  authorized  and  instructed  the  commission  to  begin  a  proceeding 
in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  to  condemn  the  lands  needed 
for  said  avenue,  together  with  some  adjacent  woodlands,  which  it  was 
important  to  preserve,  the  whole  area  being  105  acres,  and  the  said 
proceeding  was  begun  at  once  and  is  still  pending.  A  jury  of  view 
was  appointed,  inspected  the  lands,  heard  the  testimoii}7  offered  on 
both  sides,  and  made  an  award  that  was  liberal  to  the  respondents, 
ranging  from  $4:6  to  $200  per  acre,  but  they  appealed  to  the  court  in 
term  at  Philadelphia  and  have  since  resorted  to  vexatious  delays  and 
continuances,  so  that  the  case  is  still  peiidingand  undetermined.  Thus 
this  important  part  of  the  Confederate  lines  is  prevented  from  being 
opened  and  the  military  positions  on  it  fixed  and  marked  as  intended 
by  the  Government. 

The  commission  wish  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  the  main  hindrance 
to  marking  Confederate  lines  and  positions,  not  only  on  the  grounds 
just  above  spoken  of,  but  on  almost  all  of  this  field,  as  was  the  inten 
tion  of  Congress  in  establishing  the  Gettysburg  National  Park,  is 
that  the  lands  whereon  said  lines  and  positions  are  situated  are  not 
yet  owned  by  the  United  States.  Prompt  action  by  the  courts  in 
condemning  the  needed  lands  when  held  at  exorbitant  prices,  and 
liberal  appropriations  by  Congress  for  the  purchase  of  lands  which 
can  be  bought  at  reasonable  rates,  are  the  two  main  requisites  for  the 
realization  of  the  patriotic  purposes  of  the  Government  with  reference 
to  this  battlefield. 

MARKING   POSITIONS   OF   UNION   TROOPS. 

The  West  Virginia  commission  have  recently  erected  the  following: 
A  granite  monument  to  the  Seventh  West  Virginia  Infantry  on  East 
Cemetery  Hill,  and  three  granite  tablets  marking  temporary  positions 
of  this  regiment  on  the  field  at  different  stages  of  the  battle;  a 
granite  monument  to  the  First  West  Virginia  Artillery  in  the 
National  Cemetery;  a  granite  monument  to  the  First  West  Virginia 
Cavalry  on  the  Taneytowii  road  south  of  General  Meade's  headquar 
ters;  a  granite  monument  to  the  Third  West  Virginia  Cavalry  on 
Buford  avenue.  All  these  monuments  were  dedicated  by  appro 
priate  ceremonies  on  the  28th  of  September  ultimo,  attended  by  the 
governor  of  that  State  and  his  staff  with  many  other  citizens,  and  by 
the  Second  Regiment  West  Virginia  Infantry  Volunteers,  which 
marched  here  from  Camp  George  G.  Meade  for  that  purpose. 

The  Maine  commission  have  also,  since  last  report,  erected  stone 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COXMIISION.          33 

tablets  on  Hancock  avenue,  near  the  high-water  mark,  to  show  the 
position  of  the  Third  and  Fourth  Maine  Infantry  Regiments  on  the 
third  day  of  the  battle. 

The  positions  of  the  United  States  regular  troops  in  this  battle, 
consisting  of  11  regiments  of  infantry,  4  regiments  of  cavalry,  and  22 
batteries  of  artillery,  have  been  accurately  located  and  are  carefully 
noted  on  our  maps,  and  also  on  the  ground  by  markers,  so  that  when 
the  Government  shall  take  steps  to  erect  monuments  to  these  troops, 
which  their  gallant  services  here  certainly  entitle  them  to,  there  will 
be  no  difficulty  in  placing  them. 

MARKING   POSITIONS   OF   CONFEDERATE   TROOPS. 

Handsome  and  durable  iron  tablets  with  appropriate  inscriptions 
are  now  being  erected  on  substantial  iron  pillars,  designating  and 
briefly  describing  the  services  rendered  by  each  of  the  following  Con 
federate  batteries,  the  respective  positions  of  which  have  been  marked 
for  some  time  by  mounted  guns  of  like  class  and  caliber  as  those  of 
which  each  battery  was  composed,  viz: 

Taylor's  Virginia  Batteiy,  Woolfolk's  Ashland  (Va.)  Artillery,  Par 
ker's*  Virginia  Battery,  and  Jordan's  Bedford  (Va.)  Artillery,  of  Alex 
ander's  Battalion. 

Manly's  North  Carolina  Artillery,  Eraser's  Pulaski  (Ga.)  Artillery, 
McCarthy's  First  Richmond  Howitzers,  and  Carlton's  Troop  (Ga.) 
Artillery,  of  Cabell's  Battalion. 

Bachman's  German  (S.  C.)  Artillery,  Garden's  Palmetto  (S.  C.) 
Light  Artillery,  Latham's  Branch  (X.  C.)  Artillery,  and  Reilly's  Rowan 
(X.  C.)  Artillery,  of  Henry's  Battalion. 

Johnson's  Virginia  Battery,  Rice's  Danville  (Va.)  Artillery,  Hurt's 
Hardaway  (Ala.)  Artillery,  and  Wallace's  Second  Rockbridge  (Va.) 
Artillery,  of  Mclntosh's  Battalion. 

Cunningham's  Powhataii  (Va.)  Artillery,  Watson's  Second  Rich 
mond  Howitzers,  and  Smith's  Third  Richmond  Howitzers,  of  Dance's 
Battalion. 

The  above  are  all  the  Confederate  batteries  which  occupied  posi 
tions  on  ground  of  which  the  title  has  yet  been  acquired  by  the  United 
States. 

Inscriptions  are  being  prepared  and  tablets  of  iron  similar  to  those 
mentioned  above  will  shortly  be  erected  to  designate  the  positions  and 
briefly  describe  the  evolutions  and  achievements  of  the  following  Con 
federate  infantry  commands,  viz : 

Kershaw's  Brigade  of  McLaws's  Division,  and  each  of  its  component 
regiments,  the  Second,  Third,  Seventh,  Eighth,  and  Fifteenth  South 
Carolina,  and  Third  South  Carolina  Battalion. 

Semmes's  Brigade  of  McLaws's  Division,  with  its  Tenth,  Fiftieth, 
Fifty-first,  and  Fifty-third  Georgia  Regiments. 

Anderson's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  Seventh,  Eighth, 
Ninth,  Eleventh,  and  Fifty-ninth  Georgia  Regiments. 

Benning's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  Second,  Fifteenth, 
Seventeenth,  and  Twentieth  Georgia  Regiments. 

Robertson's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  First,  Fourth,  and 
Fifth  Texas  and  Third  Arkansas  Regiments. 

Law's  Brigade  of  Hood's  Division,  with  its  Fourth,  Fifteenth,  Forty- 
fourth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Alabama  Regiments. 

The  method  of  marking  the  positions  of  troops  on  this  field,  as 
approved  by  the  War  Department,  is  to  place  the  principal  tablet  or 
680A 3 


34          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

monument  of  each  command  at  the  position  occupied  by  the  command 
in  the  main  line  of  battle,  and  to  mark  the  several  important  posi 
tions  subsequently  reached  by  each  command  in  the  course  of  the 
battle  by  subordinate  and  ancillary  tablets,  with  appropriate  brief 
inscriptions  giving  interesting  details  and  occurrences  and  noting  the 
day  and  hour  as  nearly  as  possible. 

The  Confederate  commands  above  mentioned  are  the  only  ones 
whose  chief  positions  were  upon  ground  now  owned  by  the  United 
States,  and  are,  therefore,  the  only  ones  which  can  be  marked  until  the 
Government  shall  acquire  the  lands  on  which  they  formed  and  fought. 

The  commission  are  much  gratified  to  notice  an  awakening  of  inter 
est  in  influential  quarters  among  the  people  of  the  Southern  States 
concerning  this  battlefield  and  the  importance  of  erecting  monuments 
to  commemorate  the  heroism  of  their  soldiers  here,  as  the  people  and 
States  of  the  North  have  done,  and  it  is  hoped  that  Congress  will  rec 
ognize  and  foster  this  praiseworthy  sentiment  springing  up  in  the 
South  by  liberal  appropriations  of  the  moneys  needed  to  purchase  and 
acquire  title  to  the  lands  on  which  the  Confederate  troops  operated 
and  where  their  monuments  must  be  placed. 

The  commission  will  not  encumber  this  report  by  going  into  the 
details  of  their  work  or  attempting  to  specify  the  many  minor  expenses, 
amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  a  considerable  sum,  which  are  neces 
sarily  incident  to  the  accomplishment  of  so  great  a  design  as  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Park.  They  feel  warranted  in 
declaring  that,  though  yet  incomplete,  this  is  already  the  best  marked 
battlefield  in  the  world,  and  to  all  those  who  desire  to  understand  the 
character  and  the  extent  of  the  work  done,  they  say,  "Come  and  see." 

While  the  commission  are  satisfied  that  the}'  could  judiciously  and 
economically  use  in  pushing  this  work  during  the  next  year  a  much 
larger  sum/ the}'  hereby  earnestly  request  and  recommend  that  not 
less  than  $75,000  be  appropriated. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBIXS, 
C.  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 

The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS   TO   ACCOMPANY  COMMISSIONERS'   REPORT. 

Howard  avenue,  from  Barlow's  Knoll. 

Howard  avenue,  east  from  Carlisle  road. 

Howard  avenue,  west  from  Carlisle  road,  showing  shoulder  stones. 

Howard  avenue,  east  from  Mummasburg  road,  ready  for  paving. 

Gen.  John  F.  Reynolds  statue,  from  the  southwest. 

Spangler's  Spring,  foot  of  Cnlp's  Hill. 

Hitching  rail,  Slocum  avenue,  near  Spangler's  Spring. 

Guard  rail  on  retaining  wall,  Slocum  avenue. 

Hitching  rail,  Slocum  avenue,  summit  of  Gulp's  Hill. 

Style  of  stone  wall  rebuilt  by  the  commission  on  Hancock  avenue. 

JMeade  avenue,  from  Taneytown  road. 

Style  of  gate  adopted  by  the  commission. 

Meade  avenue,  from  near  Hancock  avenue,  showing  paved  gutter. 

Sodded  bank  on  Sedgwick  avenue. 

Sodded  bank  on  Sedgwick  avenue  near  Wheatfield  road. 

Guard  rail  on  retaining  wall.  Little  Round  Top. 

Sodded  bank,  section  6.  Confederate  avenue. 

Crawford  avenue,  from  Wheatfield  road. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.          35 

Bridge  on  Crawford  avenue  over  Plum  Run. 

Crawford  avenue,  from  Devil's  Den. 

Guard  chain  and  balls  and  paths  at  Devil's  Den. 

LIST    OF   BLUE   PRINTS   TO    ACCOMPANY   COMMISSIONERS'   REPORT. 

324.— Cross  sections  of  the  different  avenues  built  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

32.").— Design  for  Spangler's  Spring. 

320. —Plot  of  land  conveyed  to  the  United  States  by  George  Spangler,  on  which  is 
erected  First  Maryland.  Battery  A,  monument. 

327.— Perspective  and  detail  drawing  of  Spangler 's  Spring. 

328. — Plot  of  land  conveyed  by  Nathaniel  Lightner  to  the  United  States  of  America, 
on  which  is  erected  First  New  York,  Battery  M.  monument. 

329.— Guard  rail  011  retaining  wall  along  south  slope  of  Sykes  avenue. 

330.— Guard  rail  for  retaining  wall,  north  slope  of  Little  Round  Top. 

331.— Property  of  Jacob  Masonheimer. 

332.— Seat  of  observation  tower. 

333. — Map  showing  where  Gen.  Daniel  E.  Sickles  was  wounded  July  2,  1863. 

334.— Plot  of  land  conveyed  by  Samuel  Bushman  to  the  United  States  of  America. 

335.— Bridge  over  Crawford  avenue  on  Plum  Run. 

336. — Plot  of  property  conveyed  by  Samuel  O.  Robinson  to  the  United  States. 

337. — pipt  of  property  of  Jacob  Masonheimer  conveyed,  through  Samuel  O.  Rob 
inson,  t'o  the  United  States  of  America. 

338.— Field  of  Longstreet's  assault.  C-3. 

339.— Plan  of  cellar  drain  at  Dougherty's  house. 

340.— Width  of  tires  on  wagons  used  for  tourists  within  the  Gettysburg  National 
Military  Park. 

341. — United  States  property  and  land  included  within  the  Sickles  bill. 

342.— Property  of  heirs  of  Abraham  Trostle  on  the  Gettysburg  battlefield. 

34-}. — Hitching  rail  and  posts. 

344.— Drainpipe  on  avenue. 

345. — Pipe  wall,  catch-basin,  and  gutter  paving. 

346.— Gate  to  be  used  in  the  Gettysburg  National  Park. 

347.— Plan  of  water  cart. 

348. — Land  company's  land. 

349. — Tract  of  land  belonging  to  Calvin  Gilbert  on  Barlow's  Knoll. 

350. — Plot  of  land  belonging  to  land  and  improvement  company  on  which  to  erect 
Reynolds  statue. 

351. — Plot  of  tracts  of  land  belonging  to  heirs  of  J.  Bender. 

352.  —Plan  of  Howard  avenue. 

353. — Plan  of  Reynolds  avenue,  section  1. 

354. — Plan  of  Reynolds  avenue,  section  2. 

355. — Map  showing  obstruction  placed  in  Brooke  avenue,  Gettysburg  battlefield, 
by  the  Gettysburg  Transit  Company. 

356. — Plot  of  land  belonging  to  heirs  of  J.  Bender  on  Barlow's  Knoll. 

357. — Plan  of  path  to  summit  of  Big  Round  Top. 

338.— West  Gettysburg,  B-3, 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1899, 


GETTYSBURG,  PA.,  October  2,  1899. 

SIR:  The  Gettysburg  National  Park  Commission  respectfully  sub 
mit  the  following  report  of  the  progress  and  condition  of  their  work, 
with  suggestions  as  to  what  they  think  needful  for  its  successful 
prosecution : 

MILITARY    AVENUES. 

Since  the  last  report  an  avenue  along  the  battle  lines  of  the  First 
Army  Corps  on  the  field  of  the  first  day's  battle  has  been  constructed. 
It  is  about  a  mile  and  two-thirds  long,  20  feet  wide,  and  made  on  the 
Telford  plan,  in  the  most  substantial  manner.  The  main  section  is 
called  Reynolds  avenue,  but,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  three  minor  sections  have  been  named,  respectively,  Wadsworth, 
Doubleday,  and  Robinson  avenues. 

The  two  parts  of  Sickles  avenue,  which  were  previously  discon 
nected,  have  been  united  by  constructing  an  avenue,  1,100  feet  in 
length,  along  what  is  known  as  the  Wheatfield  road,  which,  being  a 
public  highway  at  the  time  when  Sickles  avenue  was  made,  could  not 
then  be  occupied  and  improved  as  a  battlefield  avenue,  as  was  like 
wise  the  case  with  all  the  public  roads  within  the  park.  This  diffi 
cult}*  has  since  been  obviated  by  an  act  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature 
ceding  jurisdiction  of  all  such  roads  to  the  United  States,  and  the  act 
of  Congress  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  improve  such  of  them 
as  in  his  discretion  might  be  deemed  needful.  Sickles  avenue  is  now 
continuous  and  follows,  as  nearly  as  the  contour  of  the  ground  will 
permit,  the  entire  line  of  the  Third  Army  Corps  from  the  Emmittsburg 
road  near  the  Rogers  House  to  the  Devil's  Den. 

There  is  also  being  constructed,  and  now  nearly  completed,  an  ave 
nue  one-half  mile  in  length,  from  Spangler's  spring  around  the  south 
western  slope  and  base  of  Culps  Hill,  along  the  line  on  which  the 
Union  forces  formed  on  the  morning  of  July  3  for  the  struggle  to 
recover  their  works  occupied  by  the  Confederates  the  previous  evening. 

The  proceedings  begun  by  us  three  years  ago,  by  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania  to  acquire,  by  condemnation,  five 
tracts  of  land  on  Seminary  Ridge,  and  embracing  2  miles  of  the  Con 
federate  battle  lines  of  the  second  and  third  days,  is  not  yet  con 
cluded.  The  jury  of  view  made  their  award  two  and  a  half  years  ago. 
The  respondents  appealed  to  court  in  term,  where,  after  much  delay 
caused  by  them,  it  was  tried,  and  a  verdict  rendered  last  December 
very  liberal  for  them.  They  availed  themselves  of  the  six  months 
allowed  for  appeal  and  then  carried  the  case  to  the  United  States 
circuit  court  of  appeals.  This  court  is  now  sitting  in  Philadelphia, 

37 


38          C4ETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

and  respondents'  counsel  seek  further  delay  by  continuance  to  next 
term. 

One  of  the  five  respondents  has  withdrawn  from  the  contest, 
accepted  the  liberal  sum  ($3,420)  awarded  by  the  jury,  and  conveyed 
to  the  United  States  the  tract  of  land  in  controversy  belonging  to  him. 
We  trust  the  case  will  soon  be  concluded,  and  that  we  may  be  enabled 
to  complete  the  avenue  along  the  Confederate  line  on  Seminary  Ridge. 
Both  ends  of  it  have  long  been  built,  and  the  completion  of  the  2-mile 
i>-ap  in  the  center  will  open  up  one  of  the  most  interesting  parts  of  this 
field,  now  almost  inaccessible,  that  part  from  which  the  Confederate 
column  of  the  third  day  moved  out  on  its  brilliant,  though  unsuc 
cessful,  charge. 

A  number  of  other  avenues  should  be  constructed,  among  them  one 
along  the  Confederate  battle  line  on  the  northeast  side  of  Culps  Hill; 
another  from  between  the  Round  Tops  to  Plum  Run  Valley  and 
Devil's  Den ;  another  along  the  line  of  Wright's  division,  from  between 
the  Round  Tops  southeastwardly  across  the  Taiieytown  road;  another 
along  ohe  line  of  the  Twentieth  Maine,  on  Vincent's  spur  of  Little 
Round  Top;  another  along  BuforcVs  cavalry  line;  a*id  others  con 
necting  the  cavalry  fields,  both  south  and  east  of  Gettysburg,  with 
theShifaiitry  battlefield.  In  some  of  these  cases  it  will  be  necessary 
to  acquire  land  at  reasonable  prices,  the  owners  being  private  citizens 
and  not  speculating  corporations.  The  land  purchased  this  year  in 
different  parcels  is  104.89  acres,  costing  $11,747. 

A  striking  proof  of  the  great  and  general  interest  felt  bj~  the  people 
with  reference  to  this  battlefield,  and  of  the  importance  of  making  all 
parts  of  it  easily  accessible  by  good  avenues,  appears  in  this  fact, 
stated  by  our  engineer — that  having  caused  a  record  to  be  kept  by  the 
guards  it  was  found  that  about  9,000  vehiiO^vcarryiug  30,000  tourists, 
passed  over  the  Hancock  avenue  in  aXimil<'  month. 

MARKING   POSITIONS   OF   TROOPS   AND   BATTERIES. 

The  positions  of  batteries  belonging  to  the  regular  Union  and  Con 
federate  armies  are  marked  usually  by  two  guns  to  each  battery  of  the 
same  class  and  caliber  as  those  which  constituted  the  battery,  and  also 
by  iron  tablets,  supported  by  iron  pillars  deeply  planted  in  the  ground 
and  bearing  appropriate  inscriptions,  the  letters  of  which  are  cast  with 
the  tablet.  The  guns  are  mounted  upon  substantial  iron  gun  car 
riages  set  upon  granite  blocks.  A  number  of  these  have  been  put  in 
position  this  year  and  mounted  with  guns  to  mark  both  Union  and 
Confederate  batteries.  The  commission  have,  up  to  this  date,  mounted 
in  this  manner  207  guns. 

The  positions  of  the  United  States  Regulars  and  of  the  Confederate 
troops  are  and  will  be  marked  by  iron  tablets  similar  to  those  above 
described  and  with  suitable  inscriptions.  Such  tablets  have  already 
been  erected  to  all  Confederate  brigades  whose  lines  are  on  the  ground 
to  which  the  United  States  has  title,  and  as  soon  as  the  Government 
shall  acquire  the  necessary  lands  all  the  other  brigades  will  be  simi 
lar!}'  marked,  We  propose  also  putting  up  appropriate  tablets  to  each 
Confederate  regiment,  and  are  taking  steps  to  do  this  as  rapidly  as 
practicable;  likewise  memorials  of  suitable  dignity  to  the  Confederate 
divisions  and  army  corps. 

The  positions  of  the  Union  Regulars  have  all  been  accurately  deter 
mined,  suitable  inscriptions  prepared  for  each  command,  and  the 
tablets  have  been  contracted  for  and  will  soon  be  completed  and 
1  erected. 


GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION.  39 

The  number  of  tablets  erected  this  year  to  batteries  and  to  infantry 
and  cavalry  commands.  Union  and  Confederate,  is  Go,  and  the  whole 
number  of 'such  erected  by  the  commission  to  date  is  01.  The  fore 
going  method  of  marking  positions  011  this  field  has  been  adopted,  and 
is  being  carried  out  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Wa'\ 

MONUMENTS. 

The  equestrian  statue  of  General  Reynolds  was  unveiled  on  the  1st 
day  of  July  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

A  monument  to  the  Fourteenth  Vermont  Regiment  was  recently 
erected  by  the  veterans  of  the  .regiment  on  Hancock  avenue,  south  of 
the  Vermont  Brigade  monument. 

A  monument  to  the  Thirteenth  Vermont  Regiment  is  now  being- 
erected  just  north  of  the  brigade  monument. 

SENTIMENTS  OF  THE  VETERANS. 
ANNUAL  REUNION  OF  THE  UNITED   CONFEDERATE  VETERANS,  CHARLESTON,  S.  C., 

MAY   10-13.  1899. 

The  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  unanimously  reported  by  the  coin- 
mi  ttee  and  unanimously  adopted  by  the  veterans: 

"Whereas  the  Government  of  the  United  States  has  undertaken  and  is  pushing 
forward  the  work  of  permanently  marking  the  lines  and  positions  of  the  troops  of 
both  the  contending  armies  on  several  great  battlefields  of  the  civil  war,  among 
them  Gettysburg,  Chickainauga,  Shiloh,  Vicksburg,  and  others,  with  the  design 
of  making  these  battl fields  permanent  memorials  of  the  prowess  of  American 
soldiers  without  respect  of  section: 

"Resolved,  That  we,  as  Confederate  veterans,  sympathize  with  and  commend  this 
patriotic  purpose  of  the  Government,  and  will  lend  our  influence  and  aid  toward 
its  full  realization. 

"Resolved,  That  we  trust  the  people  of  the  Southern  States  will  take  early  and 
effective  steps  to  erect  upon  these  battlefields  suitable  monuments  in  honor  of  our 
glorious  heroes  in  gray  who  fought  and  died  lor  what  the"  believed  to  be  right." 

I  certify  that  the  above  and  foregoing  resolutions  were  unanimously  passed  at 
the  Charleston.  S.  C.,  reunion  on  May  12,  1899,  and  the  above  is  a  true  copy  from 
the  minutes  of  the  same.  J<  R  GoBDOXj 

General  Commanding. 
GEO.  MOORMAN, 
Adjutant-General  and  Chief  of  Staff . 

PREAMBLE  AND  RESOLUTIONS  UNANIMOUSLY  ADOPTED  AT  THE  THIRTY-THIRD  NA 
TIONAL  ENCAMPMENT  OF  THE  GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC,  HELD  IN  THE 
CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  SEPTEMBER  G  AND  7,  1899. 

Whereas  the  first  efforts  ever  made  to  preserve  and  fully  mark  a  battlefield  were 
begun  in  1863,  immediately  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  to  preserve  the  features 
of  that  field  and  to  mark  the  positions  and  movements  of  the  troops  engaged:  this 
was  done  by  loyal  hearts  and  willing  hands  at  a  cost  of  over  $2,000,000.  and  with 
out  any  help  from  Congress:  and 

Whereas  all  this  property  was  transferred  to  the  General  Government  in  1895 
free  of  cost,  and  in  view  of  the  liberal  contributions  by  States,  by  societies,  and  by 
individuals,  there  should  be  more  liberal  appropriations  on  the  part  of  Congress  to 
complete  this  work  on  the  field  where  the  greatest  battle  of  the  war  was  fought— 
one  of  the  greatest  battles  of  modern  times:  Therefore. 

Resolved,  That  we  earnestly  commend  the  Gettysburg  National  Military  Park 
Commission  in  its  work  of  acquiring  lands  of  historical  interest,  of  constructing 
avenues  along  lines  of  battle  otherwise  inaccessible,  in  restoring  and  preserving 
the  original  features  of  the  field,  and  in  marking  with  tablets  and  monuments  the 
positions  and  movements  of  troops,  so  that  the  history  of  the  battle  will  practically 
be  written  on  the  field;  and 

Resolved,  That  we  ask  Congress  to  make  liberal  appropriations  to  enable  the 
commissioners  to  acquire  the  necessary  lands  and  complete  at  an  early  day  the 
work  provided  for  by  the  act  creating  the  park. 

ALBERT  D.  SHAW, 

Commander  in  Chief. 
THOMAS  J.  STEWART, 

Adjuta  n  t-General. 


40          GETTYSBURG    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK    COMMISSION. 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE   THIRTIETH   ANNUAL   REUNION  OF  THE   SOCIETY  OF  THE  ARMY 
OF   THE   POTOMAC,    HELD   AT   PITTSBURG,  PA.,  OCTOBER   11    AND   12,  1899. 

[Extract  from  minutes.] 

The  following  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted 

The  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  desires  to  express  to  the  Secretary  of 
War  its  high  appreciation  of  the  work  performed  under  the  direction  of  his 
Department  on  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg,  and  to  commend  the  commission, 
Col.  John  P.  Nicholson.  Maj.  Charles  A.  Richardson,  and  Maj.  William  M.  Hob- 
bins,  for  the  intelligence  and  faithfulness  with  which  they  have  accomplished  the 
indication  and  preservation  of  the  lines  of  battle,  especial  praise  being  due  the 
commission  for  the  character  and  quality  of  the  avenues  and  the  skill  with  which 
the  system  has  been  plotted,  making  communication  with  all  parts  of  the  field 
possible  and  satisfactory.  The  society  also  asks  that  the  continued  support  and 
aid  of  the  Government  be  generously  continued  to  the  commission,  that  they  may 
be  enabled  to  complete  the  undertaking  consistently  with  its  beginning,  and  so 
make  the  national  memorial  at  Gettysburg  worthy  the  fame  and  the  importance 
of  the  greatest  battlefield  of  the  great  war. 

D.  McM.  GREGG, 

President. 
HORATIO  C.  KING, 

Secretary. 

The  commission  are  gratified  to  observe  the  deep  interest  thus  mani 
fested  by  the  veterans  of  both  armies  in  the  great  work  which  we  are 
pushing  forward  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  we  trust  that  Congress  will 
respond  to  the  praiseworthy  sentiment  of  the  veterans  by  suitable 
appropriations  commensurate  with  the  magnitude  and  importance  of 
the  work. 

We  will  not  encumber  this  report  by  going  into  further  details  or 
attempting  to  specify  the  many  minor  expenses  necessarily  incident 
to  the  accomplishment  of  so  important  a  design  as  the  establishment 
of  this  national  military  park.  Though  yet  incomplete,  this  is  already 
the  best  marked  battlefield  in  the  world,  and  all  who  come  to  see  it 
are  surprised  and  delighted. 

While  the  commission  could  judiciously  and  economically  use  in 
pushing  this  work  during  the  next  year  a  much  larger  sum,  they 
earnestly  recommend  that  not  less  than  £100,000  be  appropriated. 

JOHN  P.  NICHOLSON, 
WM.  M.  ROBBINS, 
CHARLES  A.  RICHARDSON, 

Commissioners. 
The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


LIST  OF   PHOTOGRAPHS   ACCOMPANYING   REPORT,    SHOWING   SOME   OF   THE   DETAILS 
OF  THE   WTORK    DURING  THE  YEAR. 

1. — Shell,  stones,  and  chain,  Barlow's  Knoll. 

2.— Howard  avenue,  looking  west. 

3,._View  of  tower  of  Doubleday  and  Robinson  avenues  and  hitching  rail. 

4. — Wadsworth  avenue,  looking  west. 

5.— From  intersection  of  Wadsworth  and  Reynolds  avenues,  showing  style  of 
tablets  adopted  for  avenuts.  • 

6. — Reynolds  avenue,  looking  south  from  Reynolds  Grove. 

7.— Piked  roadway  through  Reynolds  Grove. 

8. — Menchy's  Spring,  foot  of  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

9.— Geary  avenue  on  Culp's  Hill,  near  Spangler's  Spring,  showing  foundation 

and  shoulder  stones. 

10.— Geary  avenue  along  ravine  in  front  of  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Penn 
sylvania  monument. 

11.— Geary  avenue  from  near  Spangler's  Spring. 
12.— Geary  avenue  from  intersection  with  Slocum  avenue. 


GETTYSBURG   NATIONAL   MILITARY   PARK   COMMISSION.          41 

13.— Section  Kinzie's  Battery  L,  Fifth  United  States. 

14.— Rugg's  Battery  F,  Fourth   United  States,  and  Kinzie's  Battery  K,  Fifth 

United  States. 

15. — Section  Taft's  Fiffh  New  York  (Evergreen  Cemetery). 
10. — Dilger's  Battery  I,  First  Ohio  (National  Cemetery). 
17. — Bancroft's  Battery  G,  Fourth  United  States  (National  Cemetery). 
18. — Eakin's  Battery  H,  Fourth  United  States  (National  Cemetery). 
19.— Hill's  Battery  C.  First  West  Virginia  (National  Cemetery). 
20. — McCartney's  Battery  A,  First  Massachusetts  (National  Cemetery). 
21.— Hall's  Second  Maine  Battery. 
22. — Edgell's  First  New  Hampshire  Battery. 
23. — Breastworks  in  Patterson  field  east  of  Hancock  avenue. 
24.— Stone  wall  rebuilt  on  Sedgwick  avenue. 
25.— Wheatfield  road  connecting  Sickles  avenue. 
20. — Path  to  summit  of  Big  Round  Top  from  avenue. 
27.— Path  near  summit  of  Big  Round  Top. 

28. — Path  near  summit  of  Big  Round  Top,  looking  toward  base  of  hill. 
29. — Vista  near  summit  of  Big  Round  Top,  showing  the  Sphinx. 
30.— Law's  Brigade  tablet,  section  5,  Confederate  avenue. 
31.— Taylor's  and  Parker's  Battery,  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 
32.— Carl  ton's  Battery,  section  4,  Confederate  avenue. 

LIST   OF  BLUE    PRINTS  ACCOMPANYING    REPORT,   SHOWING   SOME    OF  THE    DETAILS 
OF  THE  WORK  DURING   THE  YEAR. 

359.  —Stonework  for  Menchy's  Spring. 

300.— Tract  belonging  to  Henry  Osborn. 

302.— Tract  belonging  to  Alex.  Little. 

303.— A  monument  to  mark  Camp  Letterman. 

304. — A  monument  to  mark  headquarters  Fifth  Army  Corps. 

305. — Property  of  heirs  of  Abraham  Trostle. 

300.— Camping  ground  for  Second  West  Virginia  Regiment. 

307.-  -Map  of  Stevens  Knoll. 

3<5S. — Map  of  avenues  and  roads. 

309.— Position  of  chain  and  balls  on  Barlow's  Knoll. 

370. — Map  showing  tracts  exchanged  between  William  Patterson  and  Simon  J, 

Codori. 

371. —Corps  badges. 
372.— Drain  pipe  on  Howard  avenue. 
373. — Plot  of  Fourteenth  Connecticut  Regiment. 
374.— Cast-iron  tablet  and  stand. 
375. — Corps  badges. 

370. — Land  and  Improvement  Company's  land. 
377. — Drain  pipe  near  Bryan  House. 

378.— Map  showing  road  around  Twenty-eighth  Massachusetts  monument. 
379. — Map  showing  road  around  Twenty-eighth  Massachusetts  monument. 
380.— Grand  Army  badges. 
381.— Grand  Army  badges. 

380.— Plan  for  piked  roadway  through  Reynolds  Grove. 
383.— Orchard  on  Trostle  farm. 
384.— Plan  of  avenue  along  south  base,  Gulp's  Hill. 
385.-  Property  of  L.  Trostle. 
380.— Plan  of  ground  around  Reynolds  statue. 
387.— Plan  of  steps  on  Little  Round  Top. 
38.-).— Property  of  Samuel  M.  Bushman. 
3'JO.—  Plan  of  addition  to  stable. 

391.— Cross  section  showing  plan  for  surfacing  avenue. 
392.— Avenue  from  Sykes  to  Crawford  avenue. 
393.— Design  for  division  tablet. 
394.— South  Emmitsburg  road. 
395.— Powers  Hill. 
390.— East  Gettysburg. 
397.— Map  showing  line  of  proposed  avenue  through  Culp's  property. 

689A 4 


^ 


TOWER,    CONFEDERATE    AVENUE,    SECTION   4. 


TOWER   AND    KNAP'S    BATTERY,    BATTERY    E,    PENNSYLVANIA    LIGHT   ARTILLERY, 
SUMMIT   OF   GULPS    HILL. 


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